Dear Beaconsfield High School,

Since 2016 I have made repeated requests for factual information which fully meets the definition of “dataset” given in s.11(5) of the Freedom of Information Act:
In this Act “dataset” means information comprising a collection of information held in electronic form where all or most of the information in the collection—
(a)has been obtained or recorded for the purpose of providing a public authority with information in connection with the provision of a service by the authority or the carrying out of any other function of the authority,
(b)is factual information which—
(i)is not the product of analysis or interpretation other than calculation, and
(ii)is not an official statistic …

My purpose for requesting these datasets was aimed at understanding how personal data are collected and processed to produce the “standardised” scores used by Beaconsfield High School to determine which children to admit. These requests were initially directed towards the test provider CEM. Since 2018 I have asked TBGS for this information. Both have refused. In recent court proceedings, counsel for TBGS clarified that TBGS is a private company set up to manage the secondary transfer test on behalf of Beaconsfield High School and 12 other schools and questioned whether TBGS is subject to laws relating to transparency. Beaconsfield High School is a state funded Academy school, responsible for determining its own admissions. Whilst CEM and TBGS may argue that they are not accountable Beaconsfield High School is fully accountable to the public for actions they take on its behalf.

Article 4 of the General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR) contains the following definitions:
(1) ‘personal data’ means any information relating to an identified or identifiable natural person (‘data subject’) …
(4) ‘profiling’ means any form of automated processing of personal data consisting of the use of personal data to evaluate certain personal aspects relating to a natural person, in particular to analyse or predict aspects concerning that natural person’s performance at work, economic situation, health, personal preferences, interests, reliability, behaviour, location or movements
(7) ‘controller’ means the natural or legal person, public authority, agency or other body which, alone or jointly with others, determines the purposes and means of the processing of personal data …

Beaconsfield High School are the data controller, responsible for determining how this personal data is profiled.

Article 5 of GDPR contains the following Principles:
(1)(a) Personal data shall be processed lawfully, fairly and in a transparent manner in relation to the data subject (‘lawfulness, fairness and transparency’).
(2) The controller shall be responsible for, and be able to demonstrate compliance with, paragraph 1 (‘accountability’).

This process is not transparent. After four and a half years of being refused the datasets needed to understand the profiling carried out on behalf of Beaconsfield High School, I would like to request the following information.

1. Details of where you publish your publication scheme, which it is the duty of every public authority to publish. If not obvious, the date this was last revised.

2. Details of all the personal data which passes between Beaconsfield High School, TBGS, the council, GLA and any other party in connection with 11+ tests. This may include but not be limited to; name, unique pupil number, date of birth, school, answer sheet, raw scores, standardised scores and number of attempted questions etc. (This request is not for the data itself but details of what personal data is shared between each of the parties involved.)

3. Details of how these data are processed. This must explain exactly how an individual raw score in each of the tests is combined with the child’s age to produce a standardised score. If this information is based on the data itself, for example the mean and standard deviation values of the raw test marks for a given cohort, this explanation must include the calculated values over the last three years (tests taken in 2018, 2019, 2020). As the data controller Beaconsfield High School should be fully familiar with exactly how this personal information is being processed without the need to consult with your data processor.

4. How the “qualifying score” of 121 is determined by your data processor? Is this an objective measure consistent with past years or is it set at a level designed to qualify a given number or proportion of those who sit the test. If it is set to select a quota, what criteria are used to determine the pass mark?

5. A copy of the minutes of the full meeting of TBGS directors held on 27 September 2019. If no minutes were taken at that meeting, please explain why Beaconsfield High School allow important decisions to be taken on its behalf with no official record being taken.

The law is clear. Accountability for compliance with GDPR sits with Beaconsfield High School. This accountability is not something which can be absolved by outsourcing the processing to a series of private companies. GDPR was implemented into UK domestic law via the 2018 Data Protection Act which received royal assent in May 2018. Beaconsfield High School are long overdue in complying with this law.

Although I have chosen to contact Beaconsfield High School via a website designed to handle Freedom of Information, my request for information relates to the systemic contraventions of basic data processing principles for which Beaconsfield High School are responsible. As such, unless I receive substantive responses to the above requests by 5pm on Friday 9 April, I shall refer this matter to the Information Commissioner who has the power to impose fines of up to €20 million for infringements which go against the very principles of GDPR, specifically those included in Article 5. I reserve the right to also treat this as a Freedom of Information request and refer any response I receive to the Information Commissioner under s.50 of the Freedom of Information Act in due course.

Yours faithfully,

James Coombs

Dear Mrs J Barnes,

Thanks for confirming receipt of my request for information.

I am concerned that the school have been acting illegally since 2018 by failing to ensure that the processing of personal data carried out on its behalf is not (lawful, fair and) transparent. Unless I receive an explanation of how these data are profiled by Friday 9 April I will be referring this to the Information Commissioner who has the power to impose fines of up to €20 million

I reserve the right to *also* refer any response I receive to the Information Commissioner under s.50 of the Freedom of Information Act in due course.

Please do not conflate those two separate issues.

Best wishes

James Coombs