London Borough of Brent
2014 Air Quality Progress Report
for
London Borough of Brent
In fulfillment of Part IV of the Environment Act 1995
Local Air Quality Management
May 2014
LAQM Progress Report 2014
i
London Borough of Brent
Local Authority
London Borough of Brent
Officer Department
Regulatory Services
Address
Brent Civic Centre, 5th Floor,
Engineers Way,
Wembley, HA9 0FJ
Telephone
020 8937 5284
e-mail
xxxxxxxx.xxxxxxx@xxxxx.xxx.xx
Report
BAQPR2014
Reference number Date
May 2014
LAQM Progress Report 2014
ii
London Borough of Brent
Executive Summary
This is the London Borough of Brent 2014 Progress Report fulfilling the requirements of the
Local Air Quality Management process as set out in Part IV of the Environment Act (1995),
the Air Quality Strategy for England, Scotland, Wales and Northern Ireland (2007) and the
relevant Policy and Technical Guidance documents published by Defra.
This Progress Report considers all new monitoring data collected in 2013, assesses these
data against the Air Quality Strategy objectives, and summarises the progress made with
Brent’s Air Quality Action Plan measures for the 2013 - 2014.period.
Monitoring data for 2013 results confirm the retaining of the AQMA for the annual mean
nitrogen dioxide (NO2) objective and the 24-hour mean objective for particulate matter
(PM10), and the need to further extend current boundaries to include additional areas
exceeding annual mean NO2 concentrations at Harrow Road (left from Sudbury Court Drive)
and at the Junction of Shaftesbury Avenue / Woodcock Hill.
The outcome of 2013 monitoring has also shown that the measured PM10 concentrations at
two of the three Council’s automatic monitoring sites (BT4 and BT5) exceeded the 24-hour
mean objective for this pollutant.
The London Borough of Brent is unlikely to meet the objectives for NO2 and PM10 in the future
without significant intervention measures. A review and update of the Air Quality Action Plan
will be undertaken shortly to identify additional measures to significantly decrease levels of
these pollutants in the borough.
Proposed actions are to:
Proceed to a Detailed Assessment for the areas listed above;
Undertake an Updating and Screening Assessment in 2015; and
Draft a new Local Action plan for the period 2015-2020
LAQM Progress Report 2014
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link to page 6 link to page 6 link to page 7 link to page 8 link to page 8 link to page 11 link to page 11 link to page 16 link to page 29 link to page 30 link to page 39 link to page 41
London Borough of Brent
Table of contents
1
INTRODUCTION
vi
1.1
Description of Local Authority Area
vi
1.2
Purpose of Progress Report
vii
1.3
Air Quality Objectives
8
1.4
Summary of Previous Review and Assessments
8
2
New Monitoring Data
11
2.1
Summary of Monitoring Undertaken
11
2.2
Comparison of Monitoring Results with AQ Objectives
16
3
New Local Developments
29
4
Action Plan Measures 2011-2015
30
5
Conclusions and Proposed Actions
39
6
References
41
LAQM Progress Report 2014
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London Borough of Brent
Appendices
Appendix 1 QA/QC Data
Appendix 2 Raw Nitrogen Dioxide Diffusion Tube Data
List of Tables
Table 1.1 Air Quality Objectives included in Regulations for the purpose of LAQM in England
Table 2.1 Details of Automatic Monitoring Sites
Table 2.2 Details of Non-Automatic Monitoring Sites
Table 2.3.1 - Automatic Monitoring of Nitrogen Dioxide: Comparison with Annual Mean Objective
Table 2.3.2: Automatic Monitoring for Nitrogen Dioxide: Comparison with 1-hour Mean Objective
Table 2.4 Results of Nitrogen Dioxide Diffusion Tubes in 2013
Table 2.5 Results of Nitrogen Dioxide Diffusion Tubes (2009 to 2013)
Table 2.6 Results of Automatic Monitoring of PM10: Comparison with Annual Mean Objective
Table 2.7 Results of Automatic Monitoring for PM10: Comparison with 24-hour mean Objective
Table 2.8: PAHs site location
Table 2.9: Summary of Estimated Annual Mean B[a]P Concentration
Table 2.10: Annual mean results for PM2.5 (µg m-3)
Table 4.1
Action Plan Progress for London Borough of Brent
Table A1.1: Nitrogen Dioxide - Short-term to Long-term Data Adjustment – ID 21A
Table A1.2: Nitrogen Dioxide - Short-term to Long-term Data Adjustment – ID 41
Table A1.3: Nitrogen Dioxide - Short-term to Long-term Data Adjustment – ID 48
Table A1.4: Nitrogen Dioxide - Short-term to Long-term Data Adjustment – BT5
Table A1.5: Nitrogen Dioxide - Short-term to Long-term Data Adjustment – BT6
List of Figures
Figure 1.1: Air Quality Management Areas including LBB Major Roads
Figure 2.1 Map of Automatic Monitoring Sites
Figure 2.2 Map of Non-Automatic Monitoring Sites
Figure 2.3 Trends in Annual Mean PM10 Concentrations
Figure 2.4 Trends in Concentrations of PM10 Automatic Monitoring: Comparison with 24-hour Mean
Objective
LAQM Progress Report 2014
v
London Borough of Brent
1
INTRODUCTION
1.1
Description of Local Authority Area
Brent is a Greater London borough in north-west London and borders the London Borough of
Harrow to the northwest, London Borough of Barnet to the northeast, London Borough of
Camden to the east and London Borough of Ealing, London Borough of Hammersmith &
Fulham, and Kensington & Chelsea to the south, and London Borough of Westminster to the
southeast.
It has large areas of industrial estates; densely populated urban areas as well as more
suburban regions; it also houses Wembley Stadium. Brent has the lowest percentage
(21.9%) of green space of all outer London boroughs.
The A5 Edgware Road runs the length of the eastern Borough boundary, and the A406 North
Circular Road transects the borough from east to west, both being significant contributors to
air quality exceedences for nitrogen dioxide (NO2) and particulate matter (PM10) within the
borough, (Figure 1.1).
The south area of the borough is the most heavily populated, occupied by over 70% of the
total population; it has a mixture of residential, industrial and commercial land uses, and it is
entirely within the Air Quality Management Area (AQMA) currently declared for Brent.
The north of the borough is less densely populated, with more parks and open spaces. The
AQMA here is confined to zones surrounding the most heavily trafficked roads in the north of
the borough(Figure 1.1).
LAQM Progress Report 2014
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London Borough of Brent
Figure 1.1: Air Quality Management Areas including LBB Major Roads
Wembley is the major conurbation within LBB and is home to the Wembley Stadium and
Wembley Arena. The Wembley Regeneration Area was incorporated into the amended
AQMA in 2006, since conversion from a previously industrial area to a predominantly
residential area. All of the major town centres in Brent are now encompassed within the
currently declared AQMA.
1.2
Purpose of Progress Report
Progress Reports are required in the intervening years between the three-yearly Updating
and Screening Assessment (USA) reports. Their purpose is to maintain continuity in the
Local Air Quality Management process.
They are not intended to be as detailed as USA Reports but if the Progress Report identifies
the risk of exceedence of an air quality objective, the Local Authority (LA) should undertake a
Detailed Assessment immediately, and not wait until the next round of Review and
Assessment.
LAQM Progress Report 2014
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London Borough of Brent
1.3
Air Quality Objectives
The air quality objectives applicable to Local Air Quality Management (LAQM) in England are
set out in the Air Quality (England) Regulations 2000 (SI 928) and the Air Quality (England)
(Amendment) Regulations 2002 (SI 3043). They are listed below in Table 1.1 which also
includes the number of permitted exceedences in any given year (where applicable).
Table 1.1
Air Quality Objectives included in Regulations for the purpose of LAQM
in England
Air Quality Objective
Date to be
Pollutant
Concentration
Measured as
achieved by
16.25 µg/m3
Running annual mean
31.12.2003
Benzene
5.00 µg/m3
Running annual mean
31.12.2010
1,3-Butadiene
2.25 µg/m3
Running annual mean
31.12.2003
Carbon monoxide
10.0 mg/m3
Running 8-hour mean
31.12.2003
0.5 µg/m3
Annual mean
31.12.2004
Lead
0.25 µg/m3
Annual mean
31.12.2008
200 µg/m3 not to be
exceeded more than
1-hour mean
31.12.2005
Nitrogen dioxide
18 times a year
40 µg/m3
Annual mean
31.12.2005
50 µg/m3, not to be
Particles (PM
exceeded more than
24-hour mean
31.12.2004
10)
(gravimetric)
35 times a year
40 µg/m3
Annual mean
31.12.2004
350 µg/m3, not to be
exceeded more than
1-hour mean
31.12.2004
24 times a year
125 µg/m3, not to be
Sulphur dioxide
exceeded more than 3
24-hour mean
31.12.2004
times a year
266 µg/m3, not to be
exceeded more than
15-minute mean
31.12.2005
35 times a year
1.4
Summary of Previous Review and Assessments
1999-
Stage 1: Review and assessment A full assessment of the eight priority pollutants undertaken. The stage 1 report concluded
that carbon monoxide (CO), fine particles as PM10, sulphur dioxide (SO2) and NO2 required
further assessment at stage 2.
2000- Stage 2: Review and assessment
LAQM Progress Report 2014
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London Borough of Brent
Brent’s stage 2 report concluded that no further action was needed for CO, but further
investigation was required for SO2, PM10 and NO2. .
2000- Stage 3: Review and assessment Brent’s stage 3 report predicted that levels of NO2 and fine particles as PM10 would exceed
National Air Quality objectives, the primary source being road traffic emissions. Having
determined the areas of the borough where air quality would not meet the Objectives by
2005, Brent declared them as an Air Quality Management Area (AQMA) in April 2001.
2002-2003- Stage 4: Detailed Assessment and Updating and screening assessment
The Detailed Assessment carried out in 2002 identified exceedences of the annual mean
NO2 objective and of the annual mean for PM10. The tasks required for reducing these and
other emissions in the borough would need to be identified in the Air Quality Action Plan,
which would set out policies and measures to work towards meeting the Air quality
Objectives.
The Updating and Screening Assessment concluded that a further Detailed Assessment was
necessary, based on NO2 and PM10 concentrations around busy roads across the borough
where exceedences were predicted outside of the AQMA declared in 2001.
2004-
Detailed Assessment The detailed assessment confirmed air quality objectives for NO2 and PM10 will not be met at
many locations including two key locations outside the existing Air Quality Management Area
– Wembley Hill Road and Ealing Road. As a result of very high concentrations of measured
particulates at Neasden Lane detailed modelling was also undertaken. This indicated that
exceedances of the particulate 24-hour mean objective limit of 50 g m-3 (more than 35 times
per year) would continue, and recommended control of emissions be prioritized in this area.
The impact of diesel train emissions from the Chiltern Line on SO2 concentrations was
determined as unlikely to breach the objectives set for this pollutant. An Air Quality
Management Area was not declared for SO2 as a result.
2005-
Air Quality Action Plan The Air Quality Action Plan listed 98 actions and outlined Brent’s commitment to take action
to reduce the impact of poor air quality in its area of jurisdiction. Regular reporting to chart
progress would be made as part of our duties under LAQM.
2005-
Updating and screening assessment The Updating and Screening Assessment confirmed that concentrations of NO2 continue to
exceed the annual mean objective where there is relevant exposure. Additional monitoring in
the Council’s area indicated that the annual mean objective for NO2 was being exceeded
outside of the AQMA and that an extension of the AQMA was required.
9
London Borough of Brent
2008-
Further Assessment Following the extension of the AQMA in 2006 the Council subsequently conducted a Further
Assessment, to confirm that the objectives for NO2 and PM10 would not be met in these areas
in 2008.
2006-
AQMA extended to encompass all areas in exceedance of the AQS objectives and
2008/50/EC limit values.
2011- Progress Report Progress Reports provided an annual update of air quality issues in Brent and the progress
achieved with the implementation of air quality action plan measures. The 2011 report
determined that two areas not included into the AQMA marginally exceeded the annual mean
objective for NO2.
2012- Updating and screening assessment
The 2012 report confirmed the need for a Detailed Assessment for NO2 at Harrow Road (left
of Sudbury Court Drive) and at the junction of Shaftesbury Avenue and Woodcock Hill.
Traffic remained the key contributor to air pollution within Brent. The annual and hourly mean
objective for NO2 and PM10 continued to exceed the objectives in air the current AQMA in the
Borough.
2012-
Air Quality Action Plan 2012-2015
The new plan reduces the 98 measures listed in the previous plan to 28 measures
including 15 new air quality action plan measures. Progress in delivering the plan will
be reported annually in accordance with the National Review and Assessment
process.
2013-
Progress Report There have been no significant changes to air quality since the last detailed assessment and
Updating and Screening Assessment undertaken in 2012. NO2 and particulates continue to
exceed the national air quality objective levels in areas where there is relevant exposure.
LAQM Progress Report 2014
10
London Borough of Brent
2
New Monitoring Data
2.1
Summary of Monitoring Undertaken
2.1.1
Automatic Monitoring Sites
In 2013 the Council undertook continuous monitoring at three fixed sites in the Borough (see
Figure 2.1 for a plan of all monitoring locations and Table 2.1 for details of all monitoring
sites). Al monitoring sites are within the Council’s AQMA.
• Brent 4 (BT4) is a roadside site, located in the Neasden area, Drury Way and has been in
operation since 2003;
• Brent 5 (BT5) is an industrial site, located in the Neasden area of Brent and has been in
operation since 2004;
• Brent 6 (BT6) is a roadside site, located in the Harlesden area of Brent and has been in
operation since 2006.
All analysers are manually calibrated by Brent Council fortnightly, using certified span gases.
Although none of the three PM10 analysers (Tapered Element Oscillating Microbalances or
TEOMs) are part of the national network, recommended quality assurance/quality control
(QA/QC) procedures are followed, including the filter change frequency and methodology. All
data are col ected and ratified by the Environment Research Group at King’s Col ege (ERG)
and is available to view via th
e Londonair (www.londonair.org.uk) website.
11
London Borough of Brent
Figure 2.1 Map of Automatic Monitoring Sites
Table 2.1 Details of Automatic Monitoring Sites
Polluta
Distance
Worst-
Site
Grid Ref
nts
In
Monitoring
Relevant
to kerb of
Site Type
case
Name
(X,Y)
Monito
AQMA?
Tech.
Exposure
nearest
exposure?
red
road
NO2
TEOM
BT4
520866
PM
Roadside
10
Y
VCM
Y (38m)
2m
Y
Ikea
185169
PM2.5
method
O3
BT5
TEOM
521511
NO
Neasde
Industrial
2
Y
VCM
Y (35m)
4m
N
185204
PM
n Lane
10
method
BT6
TEOM
John
521619
NO
VCM
Keble
Roadside
2,
Y
Y (10m)
2m
Y
183554
PM
method
Primary
10
School
2.1.2
Non-Automatic Monitoring Sites
The Council monitors NO2 using 27 passive diffusion tubes at 25 sites across the Borough
from 2011 (see Figure 2.2). Diffusion tubes currently include 24 roadside locations and one
background location (Id:33A). Three roadside diffusion tubes (Id: 52A, 52B, 52C) have been
co-located at BT4 Ikea automatic monitoring station site since July 2009.
LAQM Progress Report 2014
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London Borough of Brent
Tube locations were selected on the basis they were representative for public exposure,
either close to the nearest residential premises on busy roads or at sensitive receptors such
as hospitals and schools. Details of all diffusion tube locations are presented in Table 2.2.
All monitoring equipment is collected by the local site operator (LSO) and analysed by
Gradko International Ltd Laboratories.
Figure 2.2 Map of Non-Automatic Monitoring Sites
Bias Adjustment
To correct for identified systematic bias, an adjustment factor is applied to the measurement
data obtained.
Tubes are supplied and analysed by Gradko International Ltd and the preparation method
uses 50% triethanolamine in acetone (TEA).
13
London Borough of Brent
In 2013 Brent Council has applied the national default bias adjustment factor of 1.00
provided by the Department for Environment Food and Rural affairs (DEFRA).
The National NO2 Bias correction factors (2011-2013):
Year: 2011
2012
2013
National Bias Factor: 0.93
1.01
1.00
The national factors indicate that whereas the diffusion tube measurements were over-
reading in 2011 and under-reading in 2012, in 2013 no bias correction is required.
LAQM Progress Report 2014
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London Borough of Brent
Table 2.2 Details of Non-Automatic Monitoring Sites
OS
Distance to
Relevant
Site
Grid
Pollutants
In
kerb of
Site Name
ID
Exposure?
Type
Ref
Monitored
AQMA?
nearest road
(X,Y)
Junction of Kenton Rd / Upton
516929
1
R
NO
Gardens
188560
2
Y
Y(15)
2m
515793
Harrow Rd, Sudbury Court Drive
2
R
NO
186042
2
N
Y(10)
1m
Junction of Shaftesbury Avenue
518254
4
R
NO
/ Woodcock Hill
187771
2
N
Y(6)
1m
517921
Bridgewater Rd / Ealing Road
7
R
NO
183716
2
Y
N(17)
2m
Junction of East Lane /
518499
9
R
NO
Wembley Hill Road
186168
2
Y
Y(20)
2m
Old Church Lane junction with
520480
17
R
NO
Neasden Lane
186537
2
Y
Y(4)
1m
Central Middlesex Hospital,
520078
21a
R
NO
Central Way
182857
2
Y
Y(4)
1m
Junction of Kingsbury Road /
521447
22
R
NO
Edgware Road
188730
2
Y
Y(5)
1m
Junction North Circular Rd /
521213
23
R
NO
Chartley Avenue
186125
2
Y
Y(10)
2m
Dudden Hill Lane junction with
522191
26
R
NO
High Road
184821
2
Y
Y(19)
1m
Junction Dollis Hill Lane /
523191
29
R
NO
Cricklewood
186571
2
Y
Y(12)
1m
Chichele Road near Melrose
523663
30
R
NO
Ave
185353
2
Y
Y(9.8)
1m
519572
Kingsbury Road/Buck Lane
33a
B
NO
187691
2
N
N(500)
1m
521455
R/O 246 Neasden Lane
41
R
NO
185920
2
Y
Y(3)
4m
Kilburn Park Rd near junction
525196
48
R
NO
with Shirland Rd
182517
2
Y
Y(2)
1m
520874
IKEA, North Circular Rd
52
R
NO
185173
2
Y
Y(40)
1m
Junction Ealing Road / High
518020
53
R
Road
185043
NO2
Y
Y(15)
1m
Junction Ealing Road / Riverside
518221
54
R
Gardens
183206
NO2
Y
Y(4)
1m
BRT
521155
Police Station, Craven Park
R
NO
42
184002
2
Y
Y(3)
1m
BRT
520242
Pitfield Way
R
NO
43
184541
2
Y
Y(20)
2m
BRT
518303
High Road Wembley
R
NO
53
185181
2
Y
Y(0)
0.5m
BRT
521743
High Street, Harlesden
R
NO
55
183361
2
Y
Y(3)
0.5m
BRT
523635
Chamberlayne Road
R
NO
56
183153
2
Y
Y(15)
0.5m
BRT
525461
Kilburn Bridge
R
NO
57
183558
2
Y
Y(8)
0.5m
BRT
523031
51 High Road, Willesden
R
NO
58
184655
2
Y
Y(2)
0.5m
LAQM Progress Report 2014
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London Borough of Brent
2.2 Comparison of Monitoring Results with AQ Objectives
Nitrogen Dioxide (NO2), particulate matter as PM10 and PM2.5 and Ozone (O3) are routinely
monitored within the borough. The monitoring results are compared with the air quality
objectives for each pollutant.
2.2.1
Nitrogen Dioxide (NO2)
Nitrogen dioxide (NO2) and nitric oxide (NO) are collectively referred to as nitrogen oxides
(NOx). All combustion processes produce NOx emissions, largely in the form of NO, which is
then converted to nitrogen dioxide, mainly as a result of reaction with ozone in the
atmosphere.
Exposure to NO2 can irritate the lungs and lower resistance to respiratory infections such as
influenza. Studies indicate that continued or frequent exposure to concentrations much
higher than those normally found in ambient air may cause increased incidence of acute
respiratory illness in children (Defra Technical Guidance LAQM.TG(09)).
Automatic Monitoring Data
The Council monitors NO2 in its area continuously using chemiluminescence analysers.
There is a short-term objective (one hour mean of 200µg m-3 not to be exceeded more than
18 times a year) and a longer term objective (an annual mean not exceeding 40µg m-3) set
for this pollutant, to be met every year.
Table 2.3.1 shows the annual average NO2 concentrations measured at the industrial (BT5)
and roadside monitoring sites (BT4 and BT6) from 2009 to 2013.
In 2013, BT5 and BT6, in contrast to 2012, are not exceeding the objective limit of 40µg m-3.
It is noted however, that data capture for both sites was less than 90% and that an
annualisation procedure was applied to data to estimate annual means for each site; results
therefore should be read as indicative only. Due to engineering problems, BT4 monitoring
station data for 2013 are not available.
Due to the low data capture at BT5 and BT6, results have been adjusted to provide an
estimate of the annual mean using the procedure set out in LAQM.TG(09). Further details on
annualisation are provided in Appendix 1. All NO2 data for 2013 has been fully ratified.
LAQM Progress Report 2014
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London Borough of Brent
Table 2.3.1 - Automatic Monitoring of Nitrogen Dioxide: Comparison with Annual Mean
Objective
Data
Annual mean concentrations(
g/m3)
Within
Capture
Site ID - Name
AQMA?
2013
2009
2010
2011
2012
2013
%
BT4 (Ikea)
Y
N/A
69
74
70 (64)
76
N/A
BT5 (Neasden
38.9
Y
84
37
39
36
44
Lane)
(40.3)
BT6 (John Keble
37.5
Y
47
51
56
42 (40)
41 (43)
Primary School)
(36.6)
Objective Limit
40
-Exceedences of the 40 µg/m3 annual mean NO2 objective are highlighted in bold.
-Numbers in brackets: Estimation of annual mean concentrations from a low data capture monitoring data
adjusted.
The annual mean NO2 data trends for all three monitoring sites are illustrated in Figure 2.3.
Figure 2.3 shows that BT4 presents a slight upward trend between 2008 and 2012 with
values well above the 40g/m3 objective; with no data available for 2013. BT5 has a stable
trend over the last six years, having exceeded the annual mean objective for NO2 in 2008
and 2012.
BT6 has exceeded the annual mean objective for NO2 for the last six years presenting a
steady downward trend in annual mean concentrations over the period 2008-2013.
Figure 2.3 - Trends in Annual Mean Nitrogen Dioxide Concentrations measured at
Automatic Monitoring Sites (2008-2013)
LAQM Progress Report 2014
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London Borough of Brent
Table 2.3.2 shows the number of exceedences of the hourly mean objective at BT5 and BT6
from 2009 to 2013. Due to engineering problems BT4 data for 2013 are not available.
In 2013 the short term objective for NO2 concentrations was achieved at BT5 and BT6
locations. BT4 (Ikea) site recorded 33 exceedences of the 1-hour mean objective in 2012.
This continuous monitoring station is located adjacent to the North Circular Road hence the
consistently high values in comparison to other sites.
BT6 presented low data capture so the results may not be representative of the full calendar
year, and should be used for guidance only.
Table 2.3.2: Automatic Monitoring for Nitrogen Dioxide: Comparison with 1-hour Mean
Objective
Data
Number of Exceedences of hourly
Within Capture
mean (200
g/m3).
Location
AQMA?
2013
2009
2010
2011
2012
2013
%
BT4 (Drury Way)
Y
N/A
14
6
13(199.8)
33
N/A
BT5 (Neasden)
Y
83
2
0
1
0
0(119)
BT6 (Harlesden)
Y
47
0
16
0(140)
0 (139)
0(141)
Objective Limit
18
-Numbers in brackets: calculation of the 99.8th Percentile for the sites with a poor data capture.
-Exceedences of the 200 µg/m3 of hourly mean NO2 objective are highlighted in bold.
LAQM Progress Report 2014
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London Borough of Brent
Diffusion Tube Monitoring Data
The diffusion tubes were exposed for one-month periods and the average monthly NO2
concentrations, from the January 2013 until the end of December 2013, was determined.
Using the national bias correction factor of 1.00, results indicate that NO2 concentrations for
24 out the 25 diffusion tube locations registered levels above the 40g/m3
objective (see
table 2.4 and 2.5).
Tube 2 (Harrow Road left from Sudbury Court Drive) and tube 4 (Junction of Shaftesbury
Avenue and Woodcock Hill) exceeded the annual mean objective but are not within the
AQMA. This is the fifth year in succession where this has been observed.
Tubes 23 and 52 located near to a busy road (North Circular) had a Nitrogen Dioxide annual
mean of over 100g/m3.
There is no reduction in NO2 concentrations between 2009 and 2013, with only one
background diffusion tube (ID 33A) measuring NO2 below the annual mean objective of 40
g/m3.
14 locations have exceedences over 60µg/m3, these indicate a potential risk that the 1-hour
objective may also be exceeded.
For diffusion tubes 21A, 41 and 48 where data capture was less than 75% of a full calendar
year, the mean has being adjusted using the methodology suggested from the LAQM.TG(09)
guidance before being compared to annual mean objectives. Further details of the
methodology applied and the full diffusion tubes dataset (monthly mean values) are
presented in appendices 1 and 2 respectively.
The monitoring data from 2013 continue to justify the conclusions of previous review and
assessment to retain and further expand the AQMA.
LAQM USA 2012
19
London Borough of Brent
Table 2.4 Results of Nitrogen Dioxide Diffusion Tubes in 2013
Annual mean
Data
Data
concentration
Within
Triplicate
Capture
OS Grid Ref
distance
Site ID
Location
Site Type
(Bias Adjustment
AQMA?
Tube?
2013
(X,Y)
corrected?
factor = 1.00)
(%)
(Y/N)
2013 (
g/m3)
1
Junction of Kenton Rd / Upton Gardens
Roadside
Y
No
100
516929 188560
N
41.0
2
Harrow Rd, Sudbury Court Drive
Roadside
N
No
100
515793 186042
N
46.9
4
Junction of Shaftesbury Avenue/Woodcock Hill
Roadside
N
No
100
518254 187771
N
45.3
7
Bridgewater Rd / Ealing Road
Roadside
Y
No
100
517921 183716
N
71.2
9
Junction of East Lane/Wembley Hill Road
Roadside
Y
No
100
518499 186168
N
50.5
17
Old Church Lane junction with Neasden Lane
Roadside
Y
No
92
520480 186537
N
55.5
21a
Central Middlesex Hospital, Central Way
Roadside
Y
No
75
520078 182857
N
49.5 (54)*
22
Junction of Kingsbury Road/Edgware Road
Roadside
Y
No
100
521447 188730
N
57.9
23
Junction North Circular Road/Chartley Avenue
Roadside
Y
No
100
521213 186125
N
104.5
26
Dudden Hill Lane junction with High Road
Roadside
Y
No
100
522191 184821
N
65.4
29
Junction Dollis Hill Lane/Cricklewood
Roadside
Y
No
92
523191 186571
N
79.0
30
Chichele Road near Melrose Ave
Roadside
Y
No
100
523663 185353
N
62.5
41
R/O 246 Neasden Lane
Roadside
Y
No
75
521455 185920
N
57.6 (54)*
48
Kilburn Park road near junction of Shirland Road
Roadside
Y
No
67
525196 182517
N
70.5 (71)*
53
Junction Ealing Road / High Road
Roadside
Y
No
100
518020 185043
N
64.4
54
Ealing Road/Riverside Gardens
Roadside
Y
No
92
518221 183206
N
47.0
33A
Fryent Park Car Park area
Background
N
No
100
519572 187691
N
26.3
52 A
IKEA, Hut, North Circular Road
Roadside
Y
Triplicate
92
520874 185173
N
103.2
52 B
IKEA, Hut, North Circular Road
Roadside
Y
Triplicate
92
520874 185173
N
103.4
52 C
IKEA, Hut, North Circular Road
Roadside
Y
Triplicate
92
520874 185173
N
105.6
BRT 42
Police Station, Craven Park
Roadside
Y
No
100
521155 184002
N
48.5
BRT 43
Pitfield Way
Roadside
Y
No
100
520242 184541
N
66.9
BRT 53
High Road Wembley
Roadside
Y
No
100
518303 185181
N
75.0
BRT 55
High Street, Harlesden
Roadside
Y
No
100
521743 183361
N
70.4
BRT 56
Chamberlayne Road
Roadside
Y
No
92
523635 183153
N
70.1
BRT 57
Kilburn Bridge
Roadside
Y
No
50
525461 183558
N
N/A
BRT 58
51 High Road, Willesden
Roadside
Y
No
100
523031 184655
N
65.4
LAQM Progress Report 2014
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London Borough of Brent
*data capture is less than 75% of a full calendar year and the mean has being “annualised”
Table 2.5 Results of Nitrogen Dioxide Diffusion Tubes (2009 to 2013)
Annual mean concentration (adjusted for bias)
g/m3
2009
2010
2011
2012
2013
Within
Site ID
Site Type
(Bias
(Bias
(Bias
(Bias
(Bias
AQMA?
Adjustment
Adjustment
Adjustment
Adjustment
Adjustment
Factor =
Factor =
Factor =
Factor =
Factor =
0.98)
1.03)
0.93)
1.01)
1.00)
1
Junction of Kenton Rd / Upton Gardens
Y
47.9
44.3
44.3
38.7
41.0
2
Harrow Rd, Sudbury Court Drive
N
49.5
46.9
47.5
42.1
46.9
4
Junction of Shaftesbury Avenue / Woodcock Hill
N
50.2
44.6
43.0
40.4
45.3
7
Bridgewater Rd / Ealing Road
Y
68.6
68.7
70.7
56.7
71.2
9
Junction of East Lane / Wembley Hill Road
Y
52.3
50.7
49.9
44.3
50.5
17
Old Church Lane junction with Neasden Lane
Y
52.6
56.1
53.6
54.1
55.5
21a
Central Middlesex Hospital, Central Way
Y
N/A
N/A
N/A
43.1
49.5 (54)*
22
Junction of Kingsbury Road / Edgware Road
Y
68.6
66.1
60.7
51.6
57.9
23
Junction North Circular Rd / Chartley Avenue
Y
97.3
87.0
86.8
82.1
104.5
26
Dudden Hill Lane junction with High Road
Y
76.5
67.1
60.6
58.1
65.4
29
Junction Dollis Hill Lane / Cricklewood
Y
68.5
60.5
64.1
63.5
79.0
30
Chichele Road near Melrose Ave
Y
79.4
68.1
68.6
59.1
62.5
41
R/O 246 Neasden Lane
Y
68.3
61.0
57.8
57.8
57.6 (54)*
48
Kilburn Park Rd near junction with Shirland Rd
Y
82.2
74.0
65.7
69.3
70.5 (71)*
53
Junction Ealing Road / High Road
Y
N/A
N/A
N/A
61.2
64.4
54
Ealing Road / Riverside Gardens
Y
N/A
N/A
N/A
41.9
47.0
33A
Fryent Park Car Park area
N
N/A
N/A
N/A
22.2
26.3
52 A
IKEA, Hut, North Circular Road
Y
N/A
82.9
82.4
85.7
103.2
52 B
IKEA, Hut, North Circular Road
Y
N/A
82.6
83.1
87.1
103.4
52 C
IKEA, Hut, North Circular Road
Y
N/A
79.4
87.0
90.4
105.6
BRT 42
Police Station, Craven Park
Y
35.1
54.0
43.2
43.6
48.5
BRT 43
Pitfield Way
Y
83.6
77.7
52.2
58.1
66.9
BRT 53
High Road Wembley
Y
76.0
57.9
46.3
48.1
75.0
BRT 55
High Street, Harlesden
Y
87.0
76.6
66.9
70.6
70.4
BRT 56
Chamberlayne Road
Y
78.3
70.3
62.5
66.5
70.1
BRT 57
Kilburn Bridge
Y
119.3
84.2
76.3
81.6
N/A
BRT 58
51 High Road, Willesden
Y
73.1
65.1
54.1
60.3
65.4
*data capture is less than 75% of a full calendar year and the mean has being “annualised”
LAQM Progress Report 2014
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London Borough of Brent
LAQM Progress Report 2014
22
London Borough of Brent
2.2.2
PM10
The Council undertakes continuous monitoring of PM10 at three continuous monitoring sites.
The Council uses TEOMs (Tapered Element Oscillating Microbalances) for monitoring PM10;
the results are corrected using the Volatile Correction Model (VCM) to present data as
gravimetric equivalent. In 2013 a good data capture was achieved with more than 90% of
data being available for the full year at the three continuous air quality stations.
The annual mean results recorded at all three monitoring stations in 2013 were below the
annual mean objective of 40g/m3 for PM10. There has been a 4g/m3 decrease at BT5
(Neasden Lane) site in comparison with 2012 results as reported in Table 2.6. BT6 results in
2013 indicate a 2g/m3 increase in comparison to 2012 concentrations.
Figure 2.3 shows that overall PM10 levels have not decreased over the long term in the
borough but have remained steady, only BT5 in 2013 registered a decrease in concentration
levels in comparison with previous years.
Table 2.6 Results of Automatic Monitoring of PM10: Comparison with Annual Mean
Objective
Valid Data
Confirm
Annual Mean Concentration
Capture
Valid
Gravimetric
g/m3
for
Data
Equivalent
Site
Within monitoring Capture
(Y or NA)
ID
Site Type
AQMA? Period %
2013 %
2009
2010
2011 2012 2013
BT4
Ikea
Y
100
90
Y
32
31
34
32
34
Neasden
BT5
Y
100
98
Y
36
37
38
37
33
Lane
John
Keble
BT6
Y
100
95
Y
23
23
25
23
25
Primary
School
Objective Limit
40
*Bold indicates an exceedence of the annual mean objective of 40 g/m3.
Table 2.7 presents the 24-hour mean results for PM10 for the three continuous monitoring
sites.
BT4 (Ikea) recorded 38 exceedences of the 24-hour mean objective during 2013, an
increase of 5 in relation to the previous year, and as a consequence has not met the short
term objective for PM10 (see table 2.7) in 2013.
.
BT5 (Neasden Lane) is an industrial site. Daily mean PM10 levels for 2013 were greater than
the objective level with 48 exceedences which is a significant decrease of 34 exceedences
LAQM USA 2012
23
London Borough of Brent
compared with the previous year. A likely explanation is the impact of continuous
improvements to site operations since 2011 at the nearest industrial source – a Waste
Transfer Station (WTS). Whereas the daily mean PM10 levels at this site are still the highest
in the Borough and among the highest in the London Air Quality Network, an improvement
has being recorded in 2013.
BT6 (John Keble Primary School) recorded 11 exceedences of the 24-hour mean objective
during 2013, this site continues to meet the daily mean national objective for PM10.
Table 2.7 Results of Automatic Monitoring for PM10: Comparison with 24-hour mean
Objective
Valid
Number of Exceedences of 24-Hour
Data
Valid
Mean (50
g/m3)
Capture
Confirm
Site
Within
Data
Site Type
for
Gravimetric
ID
AQMA
Capture
monitori
Equivalent
2009
2010
2011
2012
2013
2013 %
ng
Period %
Drury
42
BT4
Y
100
90
Y
37
32
33
38
Way
(58)*
BT5
Neasden
Y
100
98
Y
80
64
77
82
48
12
BT6
Harlesden
Y
100
95
Y
7
8
10
11
(41)*
Objective Limit
35
* if data capture is less than 90%, include the 90th percentile of 24-hour means in brackets
*Bold indicates an exceedence of the 24-hour mean objective of 50 g/m3.
LAQM Progress Report 2014
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London Borough of Brent
Figure 2.3 Trends in Annual Mean PM10 Concentrations
LAQM Progress Report 2014
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London Borough of Brent
Figure 2.4 Trends in Concentrations of PM10 Automatic Monitoring: Comparison with 24-hour Mean Objective
LAQM Progress Report 2014
26
London Borough of Brent
2.2.3
Other pollutants monitored
Poly-Aromatic Hydrocarbons (PAHs)
LBB has monitored poly-aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) at the Kingsbury site (refer to table
2.8) since 1991 as participants in the London Wide PAH survey. PAHs are organic
compounds which are widespread throughout the environment and formed mainly as the
result of incomplete combustion. PAHs are found in higher concentrations in urban areas and
are known carcinogens. Using benzo[a]pyrene (B[a]P) as the marker PAH and measured
from biweekly particulate phase and vapour phase measurements, the air quality objective
level has been set provisionally at 0.25ng/m3 annual average to be met by 2010.
The concentration of B[a]P at Kingsbury site does not exceed the current air quality
objective. As reported in table 2.9 B[a]P results have met the UK objective since monitoring
began. At the time of this report, the results for 2013 were not available.
Table 2.8: PAHs site location
Relevant
Distance
Does this
Exposure?
to kerb
location
(Y/N with
Site ID -
Site
Pollutants
In
of
represent
OS Grid Ref
distance
Name
Type
Monitored
AQMA?
nearest
worst-
(m) to
road
case
relevant
exposure?
exposure)
BT1
Suburban
519560
189271
PAHs
N
Y (1m)
2m
N
(Kingsbury)
Table 2.9: Summary of Estimated Annual Mean B[a]P Concentration
Pollutant
2006
2007
2008
2009
2010
2011
2012
2013
B[a]P (ng m-3)
0.15
0.05
0.12
0.19
0.18
0.16
0.20
N/A
Particulate Monitoring Results (PM2.5)
The 2007 air quality strategy set a cap of 25µgm-3
for PM2.5
and a 15 % reduction in annual
mean concentrations at urban background locations by 2020. There is currently no
requirement for local authorities to report against these exposure reduction targets.
Monitoring for these particles has been undertaken since May 2006 at the Drury Way/ BT4)
site in Brent.
LAQM Progress Report 2014
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London Borough of Brent
The concentrations remained steady for the last two years. These results currently are below
the cap level proposed but continuing monitoring over the next six years is essential,
providing valuable information for public reporting, temporal representation, health studies,
transport studies and background monitoring.
Table 2.10: Annual mean results for PM2.5 (µg m-3)
Site ID
Type
2008
2009
2010
2011
2012
2013
BT4 (Ikea)
Roadside
16
15
14
16
13.4
13.8
Ozone monitoring (O3)
In 2010 monitoring for Ozone at BT 1 (Kingsbury) recorded 22 exceedences of the 8-hour
running mean objective of 100μg m-3 not to be exceeded more than 10 days per year. Ozone
is also recorded at Brent 4 although no exceedences of the 8-hour running mean were
recorded at this site.
As part of a monitoring network review in response to a lack of funding, BT1 (Kingsbury) was
closed in 2011.
2.2.4
Summary of Compliance with AQS Objectives
Automatic and non-automatic monitoring systems within the Borough confirmed that the
annual mean NO2 objective has been exceeded at roadside locations both within and outside
the currently declared AQMA.
London Borough of Brent has measured concentrations of Nitrogen Dioxide (NO2)
above the annual mean objective at relevant locations outside of the AQMA, and will
need to proceed to a Detailed Assessments, for
1. Harrow Road (left from Sudbury Court Drive); and
2. Junction of Shaftesbury Avenue and Woodcock Hill.
28
London Borough of Brent
3
New Local Developments
London Borough of Brent confirms that there are no new or newly identified local
developments which may have an impact on air quality within the Local Authority
area.
London Borough of Brent confirms that all the following have been considered:
Road traffic sources
Other transport sources
Industrial sources
Commercial and domestic sources
New developments with fugitive or uncontrolled sources.
LAQM Progress Report 2014
29
London Borough of Brent
4
Action Plan Measures
The London Borough of Brent Air quality Action Plan was originally published in 2005 and
revised in 2012. The revised action plan sought to update or remove actions that were no
longer relevant or achievable. As well as maintaining fundamental elements of local air
quality management such as monitoring and regulation (see F1 to F11 in Table 4.1) the new
Air Quality Action Plan set out the strategy for reducing pollutant emissions via 15 new air
quality action plan measures (see A1 to A15 in Table 4.1).
The air quality action plan was also revised to identify quantitative measures as well as
qualitative. Better integration of air quality into the public health agenda was also a core
objective and ambitious targets were set for carbon emissions reduction but progress in
achieving these measures was limited by resources. A further revision of the Air Quality
Action Plan is scheduled for autumn 2015 and is likely to include those measures in the
current plan which have been progressed or where funding/ resources for implementation
have already been identified. Table 4.1 summarises the progress made to date.
30
London Borough of Brent
Table 4.1
Action Plan Progress for London Borough of Brent
Estimated
No.
Action
Delivery
Progress to date
Completion
Next Steps
Date
A1
Integrate local air
Review core
Met
Oct 2013
This is an ongoing measure and requires
quality improvements
measures in
annual review and update of all key policy
into Borough public
emerging
Air quality included in
to ensure air quality measures are included
health plan
strategies and
the Borough’s Joint
emerging plans
quantify potential
Strategic Needs
benefits of air
Assessment (Oct 13 and
quality actions in
Dec 2014)
areas targeted
A2
Increase the number of
Devise list of
Met
Oct 2013
The Development Management Plan
suitable tree species
most suitable
document relevant to environmental issues
planted in new
species
The council currently
and specifically air quality is currently in
developments
Create map of
uses a list of suitable
draft.
planting areas
species (as outlined in
and align with
the existing Tree
A new Tree Strategy is also in draft and
planting
Strategy) in the
scheduled for publication late 2015.
programme
consideration of the re-
Devise co-
provision of trees as well
Further work is proposed which will align
ordinated plan for as for those proposed in
future programmes with areas of significant
the maintenance
new developments. This
deficiency.
of each tree
includes a targeted
planted
programme for planting
Evaluate
and future maintenance.
environmental
impacts of the
planting
programme
LAQM Progress Report 2014
31
London Borough of Brent
Estimated
No.
Action
Delivery
Progress to date
Completion
Next Steps
Date
A3
Develop a cohesive
Devise Strategy
Ongoing
Dec 2015
Publication of the Strategy
strategy for biomass
for determination
installations and
of applications
The original target date
Further compliance monitoring following
achieve 20% carbon
for biomass and
for this measure was
revision of reduction target
reduction from
similar
Mar 2015 but the
renewables.
installations.
Strategy is still in draft
It is anticipated that this target will be
Quantify
and will effectively be
incorporated into the revised action plan.
provision of
incorporated into the
renewables
Development
required to meet
Management Plan
target and
document due for
monitor progress
publication late 2015.
every 6 month
Further work will then be
needed to identify
options for carbon
reduction for
renewables. It is likely
that this will result in the
provision of a more
achievable carbon
reduction target.
A4
Update the Sustainable
Quantify
Ongoing
Dec 2015
The checklist was incorporated into a
Development Checklist
reduction in air
supplementary planning guide which will be
to reflect the Borough's
pollution secured The original target date
subject to review in 2016.
commitment to
by
for this measure was
reducing the
implementation
Mar 2013. Further work
environmental impact
of the Checklist
is needed to quantify the
of new development
reduction in air pollution
achieved.
32
London Borough of Brent
Estimated
No.
Action
Delivery
Progress to date
Completion
Next Steps
Date
A5
Set carbon and
Published
Ongoing
Mar 2013
Compliance monitoring following revision of
nitrogen dioxide
guidance
reduction target
reduction targets for
Reduction
The original target date
regeneration schemes
targets are set
set at Mar 2015. The
Evaluate impacts of targets set
for carbon and
council is currently
nitrogen dioxide
working on enhanced
guidance for developers
to facilitate this. Further
work is needed to
establish practical and
achievable reduction
targets.
Review planning
Protocol set up
Ongoing.
Mar 2013
Work is currently in progress to obtain the
policies to safeguard
for joint approach
agreement of a regional waste plan
against environmental
to monitoring
The council regularly
(http://www.wlwp.net/theplan.html)
impacts of new and
impacts of waste
participates in
which will include consideration of a
existing Waste Transfer facilities
consultations for New
cohesive approach to waste management.
Stations
New waste
Waste Transfer Stations
The adoption of a Joint West London
transfer facilities
as well as monitoring
Waste DPD and associated local policies
A6
are monitored
the impacts of existing
will be confirmed once this has been
and appropriately stations. The council
ratified.
located
actively resists
applications which are
likely to contribute
significantly to poor local
air quality.
LAQM Progress Report 2014
33
London Borough of Brent
Estimated
No.
Action
Delivery
Progress to date
Completion
Next Steps
Date
A7
Increase car to non-car
Count number of
Ongoing.
Mar 2014
Consideration will be given to the provision
(walking and cycling)
additional
of ‘healthy’ routes – less polluted route
modal shift
walking schemes Additional 7 healthy
planners for walkers and cyclists.
implemented,
walks in Brent as well as
successful school
Count number of
walking schemes and
additional cycling more than 30 workplace
schemes
travel plans.
implemented
A partnership project
Achieve walking
with Brent council, Brent
modal share of
NHS and Sustrans have
31.40% and
been commissioned to
cycling of 1.05%
lead on this targeted
cycling
development project
A8
Install electric charging
Count, number of
Ongoing.
Mar 2014
Consider additional locations for further
points at strategic
points installed
charging points and options for other low
locations in Brent
Currently 4 publicly
emission vehicles.
accessible electric
vehicle charging points.
Confirm target for annual increase in
electric vehicle charging points
A9
Reduce congestion
Comparison with
No progress
Mar 2015
associated with new or
baseline
proposed traffic
congestion map
management schemes
34
London Borough of Brent
Estimated
No.
Action
Delivery
Progress to date
Completion
Next Steps
Date
A10 Facilitate the delivery of Facilitate take-up
Ongoing
Mar 2015
Quantify increase in car clubs and identify
new car clubs in the
and use via
optimal areas for future clubs.
borough
planning policy
Provision of car clubs
and actions
considered for eligible
Consideration to be given to options for
Review planning
and appropriate new
requiring a proportion of vehicles to be low
and transport
development schemes.
emission/ electric fleet.
policies to
Currently 42 on street
require the
spaces (and
installation of
approximately 3000 car
additional car
club members)
clubs in key
locations
Review options
for incorporating
low emissions
vehicles in the
fleet
A11 Work with Brent
Work with Brent
No progress
Mar 2015
businesses to achieve
Businesses to
10% emissions
determine local
reductions from their
baselines and
core operations
measures
required to
secure reduction
Devise Action
Plans for
achieving target
Monitor progress
with Action plan
LAQM Progress Report 2014
35
London Borough of Brent
Estimated
No.
Action
Delivery
Progress to date
Completion
Next Steps
Date
A12 Secure a 20%
Survey Council
Ongoing
Mar 2015
Confirm target reduction following
decrease of energy use stock and core
publication of Carbon Reduction Action
in Council housing
activities to
Established baseline
Plan (no publication date)
stock and 25%
determine local
measure from core
reduction in emissions
baseline and
council activities.
arising from Council
measures
service delivery
required to
secure reduction
Devise Action
Plan for
achieving target
Monitor progress
with Action plan
A13 Reduce use of fossil
Secure target
No progress
Mar 2015
fuels in council
reduction council
buildings
energy derived
from fossil fuels
A14 Secure 10% reduction
Determine
No progress
Mar 2015
in nitrogen dioxide,
baseline for fleet
particulates and carbon operators
dioxide from major
selected
commercial fleet
Devise Action
operators in Brent
Plans for
achieving target
Monitor progress
with Action plan
36
London Borough of Brent
Estimated
No.
Action
Delivery
Progress to date
Completion
Next Steps
Date
A15 Lobby government to
Work with
Completed
Mar 2012
raise awareness of
Stakeholders/
challenges to
Partners to
Worked in Partnership
implementing waste
identify key
with the Environment
licensing controls whilst issues
Agency to address
achieving National Air
Determine
issues relating to air
Quality targets
mechanism for
quality impacts from
reporting
waste sites in Brent.
LAQM Progress Report 2014
37
London Borough of Brent
38
London Borough of Brent
5
Conclusions and Proposed Actions
5.1
Conclusions from New Monitoring Data
This Progress Report fulfils the requirements of the Local Air Quality Management process
as set out in Part IV of the Environment Act (1995), the Air Quality Strategy for England,
Scotland, Wales and Northern Ireland (2007) and the relevant Policy and Technical
Guidance documents published by Defra.
Monitoring data for 2013 results confirm the retaining of the AQMA for the annual mean
nitrogen dioxide (NO2) objective and the 24-hour mean objective for particulate matter
(PM10), and the need to further extend current boundaries to include additional areas
exceeding annual mean NO2 concentrations at Harrow Road (left from Sudbury Court Drive)
and at the Junction of Shaftesbury Avenue / Woodcock Hill.
The outcome of 2013 monitoring has also shown that the measured PM10 concentrations at
two of the three Council’s automatic monitoring sites (BT4 and BT5) exceeded the 24-hour
mean objective for this pollutant.
5.2
Other Conclusions
The council has reviewed and published a new air quality action plan for 2011-2015 in order
to ensure that climate change and potential impacts were incorporated into the plan where
appropriate and ensure that action plan measures remained timely and relevant.
A review of the progress of the 2011-2015 air quality action plan was summarised in section
4. Its review has indicated that the London Borough of Brent is unlikely to meet the objectives
for NO2 and PM10 in the future without significant intervention measures. A review and update
of the Air Quality Action Plan will be undertaken early 2015 to identify additional measures to
significantly decrease levels of these pollutants in the borough.
LAQM Progress Report 2014
39
Council Name- England
5.3
Proposed Actions
London Borough of Brent has measured concentrations of NO2 above the annual
mean objective at relevant locations outside of the AQMA, and will need to proceed
to Detailed Assessments, for the two following areas:
1. Harrow Road (left from Sudbury Court Drive); and
2. Junction of Shaftesbury Avenue and Woodcock Hill.
A Detailed Assessment of annual mean NO2 will be undertaken near to the
monitoring sites above to determine the extent of exceedence of the objective within
these areas.
The review of the 2011- 2015 Local Action Plan has indicated that the new 2015-
2020 Local Action plan will have to include additional measures that significantly
reduce emissions of NO2 and PM10 to the atmosphere across the borough.
Updating and Screening Assessment
Date (Month Year)
London Borough of Brent
6
References
Air Quality (England) Regulations 2000 (SI 928). Environmental Protection, England. 2000.
The Air Quality (England) (Amendment) Regulations, 2002, Statutory Instrument 3043
(2002), HMSO.
Current Air Quality Management Areas of Brent:
http://www.brent.gov.uk/media/1001643/AQMAs%20in%20Brent.pdf
Defra (2007) The Air Quality Strategy for England, Scotland, Wales and Northern Ireland,
Defra.
Defra 2009c Air Quality Archive
www.airquality.co.uk
Defra, air quality reports Helpdesk, available at
http://laqm.defra.gov.uk/helpdesks.html
Directive 2008/50/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council of 21 May 2008 on
ambient air quality and cleaner air for Europe (PDF): http://eur-
lex.europa.eu/LexUriServ/LexUriServ.do?uri=OJ:L:2008:152:0001:0044:EN:PDF
London Borough of Brent (2012) Air Quality Updating and Screening Assessment.
London Borough of Brent (2012) Air Quality Action Plan 2011-2015.
London Borough of Brent (2013) Progress Report 2013.
Part IV of the Environment Act 1995. Local Air Quality Management, Revised Policy
Guidance LAQM.PG(09), February 2009
http://laqm.defra.gov.uk/documents/LAQM-TG-%2809%29-Dec-12.pdf
Part IV of the Environment Act 1995. Local Air Quality Management. Technical Guidance
LAQM.TG(09) February 2009.
http://laqm.defra.gov.uk/documents/LAQM-TG-%2809%29-Dec-12.pdf
The Air Quality Standards Regulations 2010:
www.legislation.gov.uk/uksi/2010/1001/pdfs/uksi_20101001_en.pdf
The London Air quality Network:
http://www.londonair.org.uk/london/asp/default.asp?la_id=&showbulletins=&width=1024
UK Air Quality Objectives for protection of human health:
http://www.airquality.co.uk/archive/standards.php
West London Air Quality Group
http://www.westlondonalliance.org/WLA/wla.nsf/Pages/WLA-31
LAQM Progress Report 2014
41
Council Name- England
Appendices
Appendix 1: QA/QC Data
Diffusion Tube Bias Adjustment Factors
National Bias adjustment factor was used for the nitrogen dioxide diffusion tube across
borough survey (March 2014 Version). The reason for this is that the continuous monitoring
analyser where nitrogen dioxide diffusion tubes are co-located had a low data capture for
2013. Therefore there was not enough data for the calendar year 2013 in order to determine
a representative local bias adjustment factor from this site.
The diffusion tubes are analysed by Gradko International Ltd and the preparation method
uses 50% TEA in Acetone. The national bias adjustment tool found 18 studies using the bias
adjustment factor spreadsheet that suggests applying a correction factor of 1.01 to diffusion
tubes throughout London Borough of Brent for the year 2013.
PM Monitoring Adjustment
The Volatile Correction Model (VCM) has been applied to the TEOM data through the
tool http://www.volatile-correction-model.info/. The data are validated and ratified by
Kings College as part of the London Air Quality Network.
Short-term to Long-term Data Adjustment
NO –
2 Diffusion Tube
Diffusion Tube Data Adjustment
Estimation of
NO2 annual mean concentrations from Diffusion Tubes low data capture. The
adjustment has been conducted using data from two nearby, long term, diffusion tubes.
Table A1.1: Nitrogen Dioxide - Short-term to Long-term Data Adjustment – ID 21A
ID 21A
Long term
annual mean
Period Mean
Ratio (Am/Pm)
site
2013 (Am)
(Pm)
ID 1
41
35
1.17
ID 33A
26.3
26
1.01
Average (R2)
1.09
M x R2 =
54
Updating and Screening Assessment
Date (Month Year)
London Borough of Brent
Table A1.2: Nitrogen Dioxide - Short-term to Long-term Data Adjustment – ID 41
ID 41
Long term
annual mean
Period Mean
Ratio (Am/Pm)
site
2013 (Am)
(Pm)
ID 1
41
42
0.97
ID 33A
26.3
29
0.90
Average
0.94
Annualised
54
value
Table A1.3: Nitrogen Dioxide - Short-term to Long-term Data Adjustment – ID 48
ID 48
Long term
annual mean
Period Mean
Ratio (Am/Pm)
site
2013 (Am)
(Pm)
ID 1
41
39
1.05
ID 33A
26.3
27
0.97
Average
1.01
Annualised
71
value
NO –
2 Continuous monitoring
Two of the automatic monitoring stations (BT5 and BT6) had low data capture (<90%
for automatic sites) in 2013 and data for these sites have been annualised (adjusted
to represent the annual mean) following the guidance set out in Box 3.2 of TG(09).
The annual mean for three automatic background sites was compared to a “period
mean” for the Brent sites for which there was low data capture. The “period mean” is
the mean for the period for which there are data. For each background site, a ratio is
then calculated between the annual mean and the period mean. The average ratio is
used to adjust the short-term results to represent annual means.
The three sites chosen for use in the calculations are North Ken (Kensington and
Chelsea), Stanmore (Harrow), Horseferry Road (Westminster), and Bloomsbury
(Camden). These are all urban background sites within the LAQN network with
relatively high data capture for 2013 (>90% for each). Details of the sites used and
the ratios calculated are provided in Tables A1.4.and A.1.5.
For BT5 (Neasden Lane) with an annual data capture of 83%, missing data from 5/11/2013
to 31/12/2013:
Table A1.4: Nitrogen Dioxide - Short-term to Long-term Data Adjustment – BT5
annual mean
Period Mean
Ratio
Long term site
Site Type
2013 (Am)
(Pm)
(Am/Pm)
Urban
North Ken, Kensington
Background
36.9
35.2
1.05
Horseferry Road,
Urban
44.6
43.4
1.03
LAQM Progress Report 2014
43
Council Name- England
Westminster
Background
Bloomsbury, Camden
Background
51.3
49.6
1.03
Average
1.04
Annualised
40.3
Value
For BT6 (John Keble Primary School) with a data capture of 47%, missing data from
11/07/2013 to 31/12/2013:
Table A1.5: Nitrogen Dioxide - Short-term to Long-term Data Adjustment – BT6
annual mean
Period Mean
Ratio
Long term site
Site Type
2013 (Am)
(Pm)
(Am/Pm)
Urban
North Ken, Kensington
Background
36.9
36.5
1.01
Horseferry Road,
Urban
Westminster
Background
44.6
46.2
0.97
Bloomsbury, Camden
Background
51.3
53.9
0.95
Average
1.0
Annualised
36.6
Value
QA/QC of Automatic Monitoring
QA/QC for Brent’s automatic monitoring stations is provided by ERG King’s Col ege
London. These stations are calibrated fortnightly by LSO, with audits every 6
months. Calibrations are carried out by the Local Authority. Audits are carried out by
the National Physics Laboratory. Audits are UKAS accredited.
QA/QC of diffusion tube monitoring
In the most recent round of Annual Performance Criteria for NO2 Diffusion Tubes used in
LAQM, the Gradko Environmental laboratory demonstrated good performance in a QA/QC
scheme for analysis of NO2 diffusion tubes. Gradko International also participates in the
Workplace Analysis Scheme for Proficiency (WASP), which is an independent analytical
performance testing scheme. The scheme is an important QA/QC exercise for laboratories
supplying diffusion tubes to Local Authorities for use in the context of Local Air Quality
Management (LAQM). The Health and Safety Laboratory (HSL) operate the WASP scheme
independently and the cost of operation is borne by the laboratories, which pay an annual fee
to HSL. Their NO2 diffusion tube procedures have been amended to follow the guidelines of
the DEFRA Harmonisation document related to the preparation, extraction, analysis and
calculation procedures for NO2 passive diffusion tubes. As most of the procedures were
already carried the out before the introduction of the Guidelines, the amendments are
minimal. Their internal analysis procedures are assessed by U.K.A.S. on an annual basis for
compliance to ISO17025.
Z-Score performance
Performance scores are currently based upon the z-score statistic, a widely used scoring
system employed in chemical proficiency testing. More detailed information is available at
http://www.hsl.gov.uk/centres-of-excellence/proficiency-testing-schemes/wasp.aspx
where
the latest version of the WASP participant handbook (February 2013) can be downloaded.
Updating and Screening Assessment
Date (Month Year)
London Borough of Brent
Laboratory summary performance for WASP NO2
The following table shows that in 2013 Gradko International as a UK laboratory has
participated in HSL WASP NO2 PT rounds and the percentage (%) of results submitted were
subsequently determined to be
satisfactory based upon a z-score of ± 2 as defined above.
WASP Round
WASP
WASP
WASP
WASP
R120
R121
R122
R123
Round
January–
July–
October–
April–June
conducted in
March
September
December
2013
the period
2013
2013
2013
Gradko
100%
100%
100%
100%
International
LAQM Progress Report 2014
45
Council Name- England
Appendix 2: Raw Nitrogen Dioxide Diffusion Tube Data
Updating and Screening Assessment
Date (Month Year)
London Borough of Brent
Table A 2.1: Unadjusted Results of Nitrogen Dioxide Diffusion Tubes (2013)
Monthly Concentration (not adjusted for bias) ug/m3
Annual
ID
Jan
Feb
Mar
Apr
May
Jun
Jul
Aug
Sep
Oct Nov
Dec
Mean
1
47
40
44
47
42
42
40
35
40
38
31
45
41.0
2
62
45
46
47
50
30
48
42
48
46
55
44
46.9
4
51
51
55
43
42
36
44
35
46
43
50
45
45.3
7
69
75
65
72
74
56
79
63
69
89
79
65
71.2
9
54
47
54
48
52
38
47
48
51
47
60
59
50.5
17
62
56
53
35
60
42
58
55
74
57
m
59
55.5
21A
53
49
51
50
52
37
45
m
53
m
m
56
49.0
22
70
63
54
53
59
43
56
57
66
52
74
49
57.9
23
118
93
77
100
115
100
103
101
103
99
138
106
104.5
26
70
61
56
66
63
54
72
68
65
68
71
69
65.4
29
87
70
75
77
m
76
84
79
82
82
82
76
79.0
30
69
58
52
56
69
51
65
67
62
63
78
60
62.5
33A
33
31
33
25
22
16
21
21
28
24
33
28
26.3
41
m
56
m
63
68
45
68
m
63
26
58
73
57.6
48
76
75
62
70
m
56
76
75
73
m
m
m
70.5
52A
87
m
99
103
114
93
125
99
110
93
104
106
103.2
52B
103
m
98
111
104
81
120
108
105
100
103
105
103.4
52C
104
105
102
110
105
m
118
105
m
96
106
103
105.6
53
62
56
58
69
70
47
73
66
66
69
65
72
64.4
54
60
43
m
43
49
32
29
53
53
75
22
58
47.0
BRT 42
50
63
49
51
50
39
47
40
48
45
51
48
48.5
BRT 43
79
59
70
74
63
51
71
61
71
66
62
78
66.9
BRT 53
71
67
73
85
78
73
86
71
78
73
77
69
75.0
LAQM Progress Report 2014
47
Council Name- England
Monthly Concentration (not adjusted for bias) ug/m3
Annual
ID
Jan
Feb
Mar
Apr
May
Jun
Jul
Aug
Sep
Oct Nov
Dec
Mean
BRT 55
70
68
70
77
86
54
75
73
69
68
70
64
70.4
BRT 56
85
71
76
77
82
61
m
32
74
73
76
64
70.1
BRT 57
m
m
70
90
m
78
102
95
92
m
m
m
N/A
BRT 58
67
61
64
77
70
57
71
52
63
62
67
73
65.4
Updating and Screening Assessment
Date (Month Year)
London Borough of Brent
LAQM Progress Report 2014
49