Amended FOI re:UK/US use of weapons I previously gave the misnomer 'Voice of God 'weapon systems

Dear Sir or Madam,

I have read that that the US forces has experimented with the use
of such weapons (...microwave weapons,etc)in Afghanistan/Iraq .I am
writing to enquire
1)if this is true,
2)whether UK forces have used them, and further
3))if the use of such weapons is legal or if the opposite is trued
and such being the should be investigated and referred to
instiution such as International Criminal Court

Yours faithfully,

Paul Gaffney LLB BA

Dear Ministry of Defence,
This took one minute to cut and past...possibly I'm breaching some
copyright law but it's illuminating
isn't it?I also changed its title to 'Voice of God Weapon'

-'Voice of God Weapons' and the technology involved

John J. McMurtrey, M. S.,[a] Copyright 2003, 6 Apr. 2005[b]

Co-authorship is negotiable towards professional publication in an
NLM indexed journal, Email- [email address]

ABSTRACT

Inner voice transmission development by ultrasound and microwave
technique is reviewed as well as target tracking literature.
References recognizing behavioral influence technologies are
surveyed along with reported instances of the use of microwave and
ultrasound energy forms on people. Many aspects of the considered
literature directly contradict professional presumptions,
particularly within the psychological and psychiatric communities.

INTRODUCTION

People discerning remote manipulation corresponding to technology
capable of such influence have formed protest organizations across
the world. [1] [2] [3] [4] Educated society is uninformed regarding
authentic documentation of the development and existence of these
technologies, and is without appreciation of the hazard. Complaint
of ‘hearing voices’ and perception of other remote manipulation
must receive appropriate scientific and legal investigation with
protection. Professional awareness is virtually absent with eminent
texts and opinion being presumptive, without appraisal of the
evidence.

Herein is substantiated:

1. The development of remote wireless ultrasound and microwave
internal voice transmission.

2. Human tracking technologies.

3. References recognizing behavioral influence capabilities and the
use of such technologies against humans.

ULTRASOUND VOICE TRANSMISSION

Because of conducting medium non-linearity, sound can be scattered
by sounds of different frequencies, which produces entirely new
tones, and this was originally observed in air as the Tartini tones
during the eighteenth century. [5] The same phenomenon occurs for
ultrasound sonar systems called parametric arrays in a manner that
is highly directional. Mathematical basis for such sonar effects
were developed, which predicted the generation of sound waves that
are of audible low frequencies. [6] [7] [8] A subsequent more
general and complete analysis predicted not only simple tones, but
an ‘envelope’ of modulated low frequency sound, which could
encompass voice within the hearing range. [9] Despite rumors of
failed classified air experiments, [10] abstract reports of air
generated acoustic tones by parametric array ultrasound beams began
appearing, [11] [12] [13] and then had more complete publication,
[14] though unrecognized was an earlier, less extensive report.
[15] This ability to produce sound is utilized to construct
loudspeakers for directionally projecting audio sound, [16] which
have further characterization [17] with sound modulation
improvement, [18] and mathematical prediction compared to
experimental results. [19] [20] Basic methods for such speakers are
described in the Audio Engineering Handbook. [21] The connotation
of ‘loudspeaker’ is somewhat misleading as a term for these
speakers, since virtual point sources of sound are generated within
the ultrasound beams [22] without scattering outside the beam
intersection. 15 Recently parametric array emitter [23] and
directivity [24] improvement, as well as less cumbersome
mathematical descriptions for circular [25] or rectangular sources
[26] are reported. These sound projection techniques are internally
perceived by a recipient without directional orientation as
described from demonstrations, and patents for non-lethal weapon
applications.

Lowrey patent # 6052336 “Apparatus and method of broadcasting
audible sound using ultrasonic sound as a carrier” clearly focuses
on non-lethal weapon application against crowds or as directed at
an individual. [27] Communication is understood as an inner voice
with loss of the directional quality of sound perception. “Since
most cultures attribute inner voices either as a sign of madness,
or as messages from spirits or demons, both of which . . . evoke
powerful emotional reactions”, quotes the effect on people.
Replaying speech, with a delay impedes talking and causes
stuttering. Normal brain wave patterns can be changed (or
entrained), which “may cause temporary incapacitation, intense
feelings of discomfort.” Entrainment technique is detailed by
Monroe Patent # 5356368 “Method of and apparatus for inducing
desired states of consciousness”, as accomplished by an auditory
replication of brainwave patterns to entrain the EEG. [28]
Interstate Industries licensed this patent.

The Norris patent # 5889870 “Acoustic heterodyne device and method”
produces sound particularly within cavities such as the ear canal.
[29] An individual readily understands communication across a noisy
crowed room without nearby discernment. Sound can also be produced
from mid-air or as reflecting from surfaces.

American Technology Corporation (ATC) licensed this latter patent,
and commercially sells their HyperSonic Sound® system, which has a
technical treatment available 10 and been presented at a
professional meeting. [30] This company also has an acoustic
non-lethal weapons system [31] called the Long Range Acoustic
Device (LRADTM). The LRAD is being integrated into the Navy’s radar
situational awareness surveillance systems, accounts for 60% of
military sales, [32] and has a reported 80 % efficacy in deterring
wayward Persian Gulf vessels. [33] Besides the Navy the device is
also deployed to the Army, Coast Guard, and Marine Corps [34] as
well as ground troops in Iraq [35] [36] [37] and Afghanistan. [38]
[39] The Miami police used the LRAD for the free trade conference,
[40] while the New York Police obtained it for the Republican
Convention. 33 [41] The inner nature of sound perception is
described from demonstrations for the Audio Engineering Society,
[42] an engineering news article, [43] and Popular Science. [44]
Some description of more obnoxious sound effects is available. [45]
A similar ultrasound method capable of limiting sound to one
person, Audio Spotlight® has peer reviewed publication,[46] and is
marketed. The Audio Spotlight has had exhibition at Boston’s Museum
of Science, [47] the General Motors display at Disney’s Epcot
Center, [48] the Smithsonian National Air & Space Museum, and other
public venues. [49] The American Technology Corporation and Audio
Spotlight devices feature in science news and technology articles.
[50] [51] [52] [53] A non-lethal weapons program director confirms
the lack of nearby discernment on ultrasound voice transmission.
[54] Other acoustic influence methods may utilize ultrasound. [55]
[c]

MICROWAVE HEARING

There are early references to “radiofrequency hallucination” [56]
and of reaction to radio wave energy [57] [58] by Italian authors
that may have observed radio frequency hearing phenomena, but the
observations were poorly characterized, at least in available
English publications. However sound perception was known through
radar technicians in World War II [59] [60] and the late 1940’s,
[61] who had microwave hearing effect anecdotes. Though most
literature on the hearing effect refers to microwave hearing, the
phenomenon extends below microwave frequencies, and radio frequency
hearing is also an appropriate term. 60 Allan H. Frey was the first
to substantially characterize the microwave hearing effect in a
series of articles beginning in 1961. [62] [63] Subjects can hear
appropriately pulsed microwaves at least up to thousands of feet
from the transmitter. [64] Transmitter parameters above those
producing the effect result in a severe buffeting of the head,
while parameters below the effect induce a pins and needles
sensation. Peak power is the major determinant of loudness, though
there is some dependence on pulse width. 63 Pulse modulation
appears to influence pitch and timbre. Microwave hearing is
described as perceived within or near the head. 59 The hearing
effect can be produced from radio frequency components of magnetic
resonance scanners. [65]

Direct microwave hearing experience by many microwave workers, and
the phenomenon’s well replicated animal definition makes this the
most accepted of low power microwave effects. 61 Review of human
and animal microwave hearing confirmation by independent
investigators establishes validity. 58 59 60 [66] [67] [68] [69]
Designs for scaring birds away from aircraft or other hazards by
microwave hearing [70] and induction of vertigo [71] exist. [72]

While working for the Advanced Research Projects Agency at Walter
Reed Army Institute of Research, Sharp and Grove discovered
“receiverless” and “wireless” voice transmission. [73] Their method
was simple: the negative deflections of voiceprints from recorded
spoken numbers were caused to trigger microwave pulses. Upon
illumination by such verbally modulated energy, the words were
understood remotely. The discovery’s applications are “obviously
not limited to therapeutic medicine” according to James C. Lin in
Microwave Auditory Effects and Applications. [74]

A Defense Intelligence Agency Communist literature review affirms
microwave sound and indicates voice transmission. The report
states: “Sounds and possibly even words which appear to be
originating intracranially (within the head) can be induced by
signal modulation at very low average power densities.” [75] Among
weapon implications are “great potential for development into a
system for disorientating or disrupting the behavior patterns of
military or diplomatic personnel.” An Army Mobility Equipment
Research and Development Command report affirms microwave speech
transmission with applications of “camouflage, decoy, and deception
operations.” [76] “One decoy and deception concept presently being
considered is to remotely create noise in the heads of personnel by
exposing them to low power, pulsed microwaves . . . By proper
choice of pulse characteristics, intelligible speech may be
created” quotes the report.

The Brunkan Patent # 4877027 “Hearing system” is a device for
verbal microwave hearing. [77] The invention converts speech with
remote introduction into the head by parabolic antenna. The
microwave spectrum granted by the patent is from 100 to 10,000 MHz
(0.1-10 GHz) with pulse width from 10 nanoseconds to 1 microsecond,
and bursts of such pulses lasting from 500 nanoseconds to 100
microseconds. Preferred operation is at 1000 MHz, which is the
frequency of optimal tissue penetration. [78] Bursts of narrowly
grouped, evenly spaced pulses determine sound intensity by their
amount per unit time. A similar German patent for remote antenna
microwave voice transmission is also based on microwave bursts.
[79] A microwave voice transmission patent with a non-remote
transducer that is based on microwave bursts is “designed in such a
way that the burst frequencies are at least virtually equal to the
sound frequencies of the sounds picked up by the microphone.” [80]

Microwave hearing literature confirms an ability to reproduce sound
characteristics, and aspects of these patents. Though loudness is
modulated by pulse power, 63 [81] closely spaced pulses also
increase sound intensity, [82] [83] or lower the perception
threshold. 65 Pulse width affects tonal quality with longer pulses
producing lower frequency sound. 59 Microwave pulse width
differentially influences cat cochlear nucleus auditory units that
are responsive to different tones [84] over sound frequencies from
931 Hz to 25.5 kHz. [85] The responses dependent on the separation
of twin pulses 85 have at least some analogy to the parameters of
human pitch discrimination. [86] Lin extends the range of microwave
hearing to frequencies into the ‘tens of gigahertz.’ 59

There are numerous patents for microwave voice transmission with
non-remote transducers [87] with one based on multiple microwave
frequencies. [88] The first inventor of non-remote radio frequency
voice transmission had a patent held up for five years by a Defense
Intelligence Agency secrecy order, [89] but the device is now for
sale over the internet as the Neurophone. [90] [91] Two separate
devices with non-remote transducers show efficacy in peer reviewed
publication either by independent analysis of operation, [92] [93]
[94] or the developers demonstrating improved speech
discrimination. [95] [96] Although this latter report’s title
features electrotherapy, radio frequency hearing had just
previously been considered as electrophonic hearing, [97] with the
report stating a radio frequency method, while referring equipment
description to an Air Force Systems Command commissioned study.
[98] This 1964 Air Force study is the first report of radio
frequency voice transmission with improved word discrimination in 9
hearing impaired patients.

Descriptions in some of the patents attribute microwave hearing to
direct neural influence. However in review, the most accepted
mechanism is by thermoelastic expansion, which results in sound
waves 67 that most likely induces bone conducted hearing. The
cochlea does appear to be involved, but not the middle ear. 69

“Communicating Via the Microwave Auditory Effect” is the title of a
small business contract for the Department of Defense.
Communication initial results are: “The feasibility of the concept
has been established” using both low and high power systems. [99] A
Freedom of Information Act (FOIA) request as to the project’s final
outcome met with denial on the part of the Air Force, on the
grounds that disclosure “could reasonably be expected to cause
damage to national security.” [100] Though the Air Force denied
this FOIA disclosure, such a contract’s purpose is elaborated by
the Air Force’s “New World Vistas” report: “It would also appear
possible to create high fidelity speech in the human body, raising
the possibility of covert suggestion and psychological direction .
. . . If a pulse stream is used, it should be possible to create an
internal acoustic field in the 5-15 kilohertz range, which is
audible. Thus it may be possible to ‘talk’ to selected adversaries
in a fashion that would be most disturbing to them.” [101] [102]
Means to actualize such communication ‘possibility’ is evident in
patents [103] [104] assigned to the Air Force without royalty
payment. These patents describe demodulation of speech at the head
of a recipient without a proximate emitter, and no beneficial use
presumed. The process involves amplitude modulation where the
carrier wave’s influence is fully suppressed, high frequency speech
components are filtered, and further distortion preventing
processing. The inventors are Air Force employees who have received
awards from the Directed Energy Directorate, apparently both for
assistance in developing the millimeter wave area denial system
later discussed. [105] [106] Robert O. Becker, whose eminence was
enough to have been twice nominated for the Nobel Prize in
biological electromagnetic fields research, is explicit regarding
clandestine use of radio frequency voice transmission: “Such a
device has obvious applications in covert operations designed to
drive a target crazy with “voices” or deliver undetectable
instructions to a programmed assassin.” [107]

For years the Center for Army Lessons Learned acknowledged
microwave hearing voice transmission as a non-lethal weapon in a
'voice to skull devices' weapons thesaurus entry, but this entry
was excluded subsequent to request for congressional investigation
of such development, and any implementation or misuse thereof.
[108] [d] An article from a magazine that publishes notably
non-mainstream views details microwave inner voice device
demonstration by Dr. Dave Morgan at a 1993 classified Johns Hopkins
sponsored non-lethal weapon conference, manufacture by
Lockheed-Sanders, and implies use by the CIA, who call the process
‘voice synthesis’ or ‘synthetic telepathy.’ [109]

When electromagnetic signatures of spoken words are applied to the
head at very low field levels (1 microTorr), word choice is
significantly affected along the same emotional dimensions as the
applied word. [110] Though inspired by microwave hearing, this
report is not of direct auditory perception. The author suggests
that such an influence, even though weak, could shift the direction
of group decisions in large populations, and has previously
elaborated on the possibility of less specific electromagnetic
influence on populations. [111]

TARGET TRACKING TECHNOLOGY

The maintenance of isolated hearing effects on people requires
obstacle penetration and target tracking. Internal voice capable
energy forms penetrate obstruction and can be localized. Sound
transmission through enclosures is a common experience. Human
tracking ability is not nearly as apparent for ultrasound as for
microwave radar, but ultrasound is being developed to discern
movement through walls.[112] [113] [114] Though ultrasound is
unnoticed even at high intensity and can pass through walls, a
significant portion of the encoded sound from ultrasound speakers
reflects audibly upon striking hard flat surfaces.

Common technology utilizes the radio frequency hearing spectrum,
which encompasses cell phone, [115] [116] TV, and radar
frequencies. [117] A variety of antennae localize the structurally
penetrating radiation with collimation or focusing. [118] [119] The
Luneburg lens emits parallel rays and has over 50 years
utilization.[120] Masers are another method of collimation. [121]

Military radar systems listing human tracking capability include:
Advanced Radar Surveillance System (ARSS-1) by Telephonics; [122]
Beagle Portable Ground Surveillance Radar by Pro Patria; [123]
AN/PPS-5D Man-Portable Battlefield Surveillance Radar by Syracuse
Research Corp.; [124] Squire LPI Ground Surveillance Radar by MSSC
Corp.; [125] and Manportable Surveillance and Target Acquisition
Radar (MSTAR) by Systems & Electronics, Inc., [126] which have
ranges from 7-12 km for personnel tracking. Some of these internet
examinable references extend their capability from that listed in
the 2000-2001 Jane’s Radar and Electronic Warfare Systems, which
lists 13 target acquisition or tracking systems specifying such
capability on personnel, purchased by militaries of some 27
countries. [127] Besides Russian manufacture there are also East
European producers of such systems. 127 [128]

The most widely deployed system is the Rasit ground surveillance
radar by Thomson CSF AIRSYS, which lists 20 km as 90% probability
of detection for humans.127 Earlier systems have been in use since
the Vietnam War. [129] Basic operation of these systems involves a
track initiation processor acquiring a target, while a data
association filter maintains a tracking lock on the target. [130]
The above designs feature infantry portability or mobile forward
deployment, and cannot be regarded as the limit of capability,
since larger radars have a range of 100 miles, [131] though lacking
human tracking specification.

A quarter of a century ago, Jane’s Weapon Systems listed some 32
weapons fire control designs whereby aiming was entirely determined
by radar tracking data with at least 10 systems primarily designed
for control of one weapon system. [132] Eight weapons guidance
systems utilized microwave target illumination by a dedicated
surface beam (called semi-active homing). 132 Sensors for more
recent active guidance systems also illuminate targets for both
laser [133] microwave radar [134] [135] units that are compact
enough to be onboard the missile, and so inexpensive as to be
disposable with the weapon. Target illumination tracking systems
have nanosecond to microsecond response times. Such responses do
not require a wide scan area to lock illumination upon a person at
achievable speeds. At 90 miles per hour an auto travels less than
1/100 of an inch in a microsecond.

Rowan Patent # 4893815 “Interactive transector device commercial
and military grade” describes the acquisition, locking onto, and
tracking of human targets. [136] Stated therein: “Potentially
dangerous individuals can be efficiently subdued, apprehended and
appropriately detained.” The capability of “isolating suspected
terrorists from their hostages . . . or individuals within a group
without affecting other members of the group” is stated. Laser,
radar, infrared, and acoustic sensor fusion is utilized to
identify, seek, and locate targets. Locking illumination upon the
target until weapons engagement accomplishes tracking. Among
available non-lethal weapons is an incapacitating electromagnetic
painful pulse. Tracking data automatically aims weapons, and the
system even provides remote physiological stress assessment during
attack.

Microwave methods of assessing life by detecting breathing and
heartbeat rates had full description in 1967, [137] and are
reviewed respecting medical and possible rescue use. [138] The
technique can differentiate hypovolemic from normal rabbits. [139]
The US Military has an interest in a non-contact vital signs
monitor. [140] The capacity is evaluated for obtaining covert
polygraph information for lie detection. [141] [142] [143]

Hablov Patent # 5448501 “Electronic life detection system”
describes radar that detects vital organ motion, and distinguishes
individuals through obstruction. [144] Therein is stated: “the
modulated component of the reflected microwave signal . . .
subjected to frequency analysis . . . forms a type of “electronic
fingerprint“ of the living being with characteristic features,
which . . . permits a distinction between different living beings.”
Though this patent applies to trapped victim rescue, another Hablov
et. al. Patent # 5530429 “Electronic surveillance system” detects
interlopers with security emphasis. [145] Individual variance of
human radar signatures is otherwise known [146] than these patents,
and gait [147] [148] or heartbeat [149] [150] have consideration as
biometric identifiers.

Battlefield human tracking specifications are not expected to
consider obstruction. Some indication of radar capability through
obstruction can be gleaned from the adaptation of military
technology to through-wall surveillance, [151] which has been
spurred by declassifications of the Clinton administration, and
Homeland Security initiatives. Surveys or overviews of
through-the-wall radar open literature are available.[152] [153]
[154] Most materials negligibly attenuate radar at the lower
microwave frequencies. High frequencies in the millimeter
wavelengths (95 GHz =3 mm) can provide detailed imaging of humans,
but are not suitable for brick and concrete. 152 Though without
detail, some human image can be obtained at frequencies as low as
10 GHz, which also has good building material penetration. 152
Image resolution is enhanced by increased antenna aperture, [155]
which can be synthetic without dependence on a single antenna’s
size. [156] Humans are actually emissive of millimeter
wavelengths,[157] and otherwise have good reflectance, 154 with a
radar cross section of one square meter, [158] which approximates
the two dimensional profile. Human emmissivity at millimeter
wavelengths even allows some measure of passive detection through
walls, 152 though weapons detection through clothing is most
developed. [159] [160]

Many through-the-wall radars simply detect gross motion, a frequent
state of awake humans. Raytheon’s Enhanced Motion and Ranging
System is battery operated, briefcase sized, lists maximum range as
100 feet, provides two dimensional tracking, and can report range
to motion of up to 16 targets. [161] [162] [163] Defense Research
and Development Canada of their Defense Department commissioned a
consulting company to examine the feasibility of constructing an
Ultra Wide-Band (UWB) through-the-wall radar from off the shelf
components. [164] Subsequent demonstrations show that such systems
can locate a moving target within a building from 60 meters away
with methods being refined to provide building layout, and denote
non-moving targets. [165] UWB radars decrease interference with
commercial signals, [166] and makes radar utilization more
difficult to detect. A portable, battery operated radar can detect
an individual through 3 walls. [167] Another UWB radar detects
personnel through several intervening walls, and an extended range
system can track human targets in excess of 1000 feet, with
tracking data used to point a camera in the target direction. [168]

Some through-the-wall surveillance (TWS) radars have considerable
commercial development. Fullerton et al. Patent # 6400307 “System
and method for intrusion detection using a time domain radar array”
[169] is licensed to Time Domain, [170] which has Federal
Communications Commission approval for sale of 2,500 of it’s
RadarVision units in the US. [171] [172] RadarVision is marketed
internationally, [173] has police or fire fighter target markets,
[174] and the company is developing a SoldierVision unit for the US
Army. [175] [176] Georgia Tech is developing their Radar Flashlight
for security and rescue applications. [177] [178] Both of these TWS
systems operate by detecting vital organ motion, being battery
operated, highly compact (10 pounds or less) models for the widest
commercial potential, thus limiting range. RadarVision detects
within 30 feet, while Radar Flashlight has a 10 foot range.

Other commercial TWS system developers are Patriot Scientific
Corporation, [179] AKELA, Inc., [180] SRI International, [181] and
Hughes Missile Systems Co. 131 Radar detection software for
personal computer display is sold. [182] A Russian report describes
an ability to record the frequency spectrum of speech besides
heartbeat and respiration.[183] Since through-wall surveillance
systems evident in the open literature are subject to commercial
regulatory, pricing, portability, imaging, and multiple subject
observation constraints, they cannot be regarded as the limit of
capability especially regarding radars for less economically
constrained security markets or not featuring portable design.

RECOGNITION OF BEHAVIORAL INFLUENCE TECHNOLOGIES

Though not necessarily only involving voice transmission,
references to behavioral influence weapons by government bodies and
international organizations are numerous. Negotiation submissions
to the United Nations Committee on Disarmament affirm the reality
of microwave weapon nervous system effects. [184] European
Parliament passage of resolutions calling for conventions
regulating non-lethal weapons and the banning of “weapons which
might enable any form of manipulation of human beings” [185]
includes neuro-influence capability. [186] A resolution relates to
the US High Frequency Active Auroral Research Project (HAARP),
which can have environmental consequences, and although utilizing
high frequency, ionospheric extra low frequency (ELF) emanation
results. Since ELF is within brain wave frequencies the project has
capacity to influence whole populations. 111 [187] President
Carter’s National Security Advisor, Zbigniew Brzezinski, predicted
development of such capacity. [188] A US draft law prohibiting
land, sea, or space-based weapons using electromagnetic,
psychotronic (behavioral influence), and sound technologies
“directed at individual persons or targeted populations for the
purpose of information war, mood management, or mind control” has
not yet passed. [189] Use of electromagnetic devices against people
or electronics in Michigan is a serious felony. [190] Russian
electromagnetic standards are nearly 1000 times lower than the
West, so their weapon law forbidding electromagnetic weapons
exceeding Health Department parameters is strict. [191] A Russian
draft law explicitly references behavioral influence non-lethal
weapons, and development in several countries. [192] Resolutions by
the International Union of Radio Science recognize criminal use of
electromagnetic technology, particularly against infrastructure.
[193]

An Israeli general in charge of military research and development
acknowledged investment in “mind control” technology by Israel.
[194] CNN has also reported regular use of microwaves against
Palestinians as sourced form a medical engineer, and that the US
Defense Department has contingency plans to use electromagnetic
weapons against terrorists. [195] The same reference quotes an
ex-intelligence agent as stating “The US Government has an
electronic device which could implant thoughts in people” in a
different program interview. Electromagnetic behavioral
manipulation effects have had report on various Discovery cable
channel programs, and suspicion of such technology use on then
President Nixon was expressed on Larry King Live, which reiterated
congressional testimony. [196] A statement by General John Jumpers
about making enemies hear and believe things that don’t exist would
include inner voice technology. [197]

The US Department of Defense has declassified a millimeter
wavelength area denial weapon. [198] The prototype weapon is
vehicle mounted, and considered a non-lethal weapon. 102 [199] The
device produces a beam that causes a burning sensation, that is
stopped by switching off the transmitter, or escape from the beam.
[200] Development of this device is in the advanced stages, and
deployment to Iraq is reported expected in 2005. [201]

Besides confirming ultrasound internal voice capability, 54
non-lethal weapons treatments note high powered microwave impulse
disruption of brain waves with functional alteration [202]
including unconsciousness, [203] [204] [205] which is confirmed in
experimental animals. [206] Non-lethal weapon reviews also mention
‘mind control’ development and testing. [207] [208] Terms utilized
in the latter references indicate subliminal messaging,
particularly a Russian developed technique called
psycho-correction, [209] the utilization of which was considered
against David Koresh of the Waco, Texas Branch Davidian incident.
[210] [211] [212] An American system in the previous Army thesaurus
reference called Silent Sounds 73 [213] [e] also utilizes
subliminal messaging, and was utilized in the 1991 Iraq War
according to the company founder, [214] and British news reports.
[215] A system based on the same technology is for sale on the
Internet. 92 Silent Sounds also has sophisticated brainwave
entrainment by “emotional clustering” capability. 214 [216]
Subliminal messaging is utilized in retail stores for theft
prevention. [217] [218] Although the Federal Communications
Commission reports few complaints of subliminal messaging in
broadcasts, 217 the technique was most recently utilized in a 2000
US presidential political advertisement, [219] and is reportedly
rampant within Russian television. [220]

MICROWAVE AND ULTRASOUND USE AGAINST HUMANS

The microwave irradiation of the American Embassy in Moscow
received little publicity until the winter of 1976 instillation of
protective screening, but irradiation was known since 1953. [221]
The irradiation was directional from nearby buildings with
pulsation detected. Complaint to the Soviets had no avail, but the
signals disappeared in January 1979 “reportedly as a result of a
fire in one or more of the buildings,” [222] though there was
recurrence in 1988. [223] Psychiatric cases occurred during the
exposure period, but no epidemiologic relationship was revealed
with fully a quarter of the medical records unavailable, and
comparison with other Soviet Bloc posts. 222 Although significant
results matched the Soviet recognized neurotic syndrome, [224]
these were dismissed as subjective symptoms. Professional
publications further detail some of these flaws, [225] along with
charges of government cover-up, particularly respecting cancer
cases. [226] The CIA had Dr. Milton Zaret review Soviet medical
microwave literature to determine the purpose of the irradiation.
He concluded the Russians “believed the beam would modify the
behavior of the personnel.” [227] In 1976 the post was declared
unhealthful and pay raised 20%. [228]

The most documented citizen microwave irradiation was of peace
protesters at Greenham Common American Air Force Base in Berkshire
England, who prompted investigation of unusual symptoms. [229]
Radiation measurements exhibited microwaves with symptom experience
up to a hundred times the background level, and rose sharply on
protests nearer the base. 223 Symptoms became pronounced on cruise
missile transport, a protest focus. 223 Recorded were wide ranging
complaints: skin burns; ‘severe’ headaches; drowsiness; temporary
paralysis; incoordinated speech; two late (5 mos.) spontaneous
abortions; an apparent circulatory failure; and unlike usual
menstrual synchronization, irregular or postmenopausal
menstruation. The symptom complex fits well with electromagnetic
exposure syndrome. 223 It is also reported that some of the women
‘heard voices.’ [230] The base closed finally in 1991.

Measurement of non-ionizing radiation fields in the vicinity of an
Australian victim is described. [231] The intensity ranged from 7
mV in an adjacent room to 35 mV next to the head. Criminal
microwave directed energy weapon use is reported in Germany [232]
having similarity of circumstances, complaints, and symptoms in a
number of cases, with microwave field measurement excluding the
usual sources (cell phone towers, etc.) in at least one case. [233]
Other anecdotal cases affirm microwave field measurement without
strength publication. 196 [234] [235] A security company advertises
investigations of electromagnetic harassment including microwave
voice transmission with field measurement. [236] Victims have
asserted an ability to record harassment effects. Though the
evidence for recording microwave harassment effects is inconclusive
and only slightly more than anecdotal, condenser microphones are
responsive to the thermo-acoustic mechanism, and other microphone
design types have elements that are similar to thermo-acoustic
responsive situations. [237]

Ultrasound behavioral influence technology use in Northern Ireland
is cited. 204 The device could focus on one person and utilized
ultrasound like the previous discussed patents, though voice
transmission is unconfirmed. It was employed in Vietnam by the
Americans, and is known as the squawk box. Psychological effects
are summarized as ‘spooky.’ More detail by a defense journalist is
quoted: “When the two frequencies mix in the human ear they become
intolerable. Some people exposed to the device are said to feel
giddy or nauseous and in extreme cases they faint. Most people are
intensely annoyed by the device and have a compelling wish to be
somewhere else.” [238] British police inventories list the specific
device, though a spokesman denied use. 223

Sophisticated behavioral influence capability is confirmed by
ex-intelligence officers. Julianne McKinney, Director of The
National Security Alumni Electronic Surveillance Project has
conducted a study of victim cases. This is a largely classified
employee victim study with internal voice transmission avowal.
[239]

DISCUSSION

Ultrasound voice transmission technology is well confirmed by peer
reviewed literature, deployed in military 35 36 37 38 or police
situations, 33 40 41 publicly demonstrated in museum exhibits, 47
48 49 and for sale to the public. [240] [241] Microwave internal
voice transmission citations rest on a solid foundation of
microwave hearing literature, with confirmation in peer reviewed
literature as well as a government report for non-remote transducer
systems, 95 97 99 and a further such device for sale. 92 There are
four patents for remote radio frequency voice transmission, 78 80
two of which were developed by the US Defense Department 104 105 as
well as additional references affirming successful development. 74
77 100 Though there is only some publication of microwave field
strength around victims 223 231 or measurement anecdotes, 196 234
235 with such publication to remote radio frequency voice
transmission use being in media of less respected reliability, such
reports are supported by descriptions of non-lethal weapon
applications 76 103 and references indicating weapons. 73 109 The
existence of numerous systems capable of tracking humans, has long
demonstrated the feasibility of constructing devices capable of
producing internal voice continuously in isolated individuals. To
deny such technological capability in the face of extensive
complaint is willfully to ignore documented development of the
relevant technologies and engineering competence for complete
integration. It must be appreciated that engineering development is
often proprietary and less published than open science, especially
in areas with covert application. Even the most prejudiced skeptic,
who would honestly consider the relevant literature, would have to
concede that such capacity has had development. The fact is that
such complaints have had no adequate investigation.

The logic in the prediction by Brzezinski [f] of the appearance of
a more controlled and directed society dominated by a power elite
willing to use the latest modern techniques for influencing
behavior without hindrance by liberal democratic values is
compelling. 188 Since those supposedly expert regard a victim’s
perceptions as psychotic, all complaints are disregarded, much less
capability to bear witness. Potential targets are multiple, and may
include anyone worth neutralization: domestic adversaries; security
risks, which may only comprise classified disclosures; witnesses of
improprieties; those prone to committing advantageous felonies; and
even those psychologically similar to target groups for development
purposes. Internal voice technology is most applicable within the
same language and culture. Security agencies have little legal
accountability, particularly with utilization of unrecognized
technology. Legality is readily circumvented by executive orders,
(particularly declaration of a crisis or emergency situation),
which can be sealed, and this prerogative is only accountable to
co-equal branches of government.

Most complainants allege public sector involvement or
sub-contracted private companies. [242] Remote behavioral influence
research has long been funded by the US, 108 with evidence of inner
voice transmission development 31 74 77 78 80 100 104 105 and
weapons,34 35 36 37 54 73 109 though denying on national security
grounds project results 101 and even foreign literature analyses.
[243] Some 30 countries evidence active behavioral influence weapon
research. [244]

Leaders of victim movements for investigation and protest have
written presentable treatments from the East European 234 235 [245]
and victim 196 perspectives, but while there has been some
psychoanalytical acknowledgement, [246] no concise treatment is
published in mainstream media. Current medical awareness ensures
effective neutralization of the afflicted, though not all those
affected are stigmatized. However phenomena of ‘hearing voices’, or
perception of remote manipulation, when recounted to health
professionals results in various prejudicial diagnoses, [247] [248]
totally without investigation. The longstanding disregard for
people with such symptoms that give presumed rationale for civil
rights abrogation must be justified by adequate investigation,
which is not apparent in medical scholarship. Mandatory is
determination of relevant fields around complainants. Professional
opinions formed without excluding these technologies are negligent.
Such diagnosis must be regarded as presumptive.

Longstanding complaints by numerous victims about remote voice
transmission to the medical community [249] are too correspondent
to the technologic development herein documented to further ignore.
The fact that microwave bioeffects have extensive correlation with
reported symptoms of major psychosis other than ’voices,’ [250]
further substantiates the ambiguity of diagnostic supposition. All
of society should be disturbed at the prospect of remote inner
voice induction, since the unaware subject would perceive such
voices as his own natural thought, without complaint provoking
assault. Even complaints of ‘mind reading’ by some victims
perceiving such intrusion has basis in that recent EEG analysis
studies confirm and extend the feasibility of thought reading,
which was reported initially by a 1975 Defense Advanced Research
Projects Agency study, and there are references to ‘remote EEG’
microwave methods. [251]

Acknowledgements: Thanks are given to God for inspiration, and a
benefactor of Christians Against Mental Slavery for financial
support (website http://www.slavery.org.uk .) There is gratitude
also to Dr. Paul Canner, and Dr. Allen Barker for their
suggestions.

All patents are freely printable from the U. S. Patent Office
website or at esp@cenet.

Designated internet urls are not restricted as to database.

REFERENCES

--------------------------------------------------------------------------------

[a] Address: 903 N. Calvert St., Baltimore MD 21202. Email- [email
address] Phone- 410-539-5140.

[b] Financial contribution to this article was made by fellow
members of Christians Against Mental Slavery with website
http://www.slavery.org.uk/ .

[c] Loos Patent # 6017302 “Subliminal acoustic manipulation of
nervous system” can “cause relaxation, drowsiness, or sexual
excitement, depending on the precise acoustic frequency near ½ Hz
used. The effects of the 2.5 Hz resonance include slowing of
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[d] Vide infra for discussion of the analogously listed “Silent
Sound” device in this reference.

[e] Also called S-quad, Silent Sounds, Inc. licensed Lowery Patent
#5159703 “Silent subliminal presentation system”, also has advanced
brain wave entrainment technology with several classified patents.
(See http://www.megabrain.com/eeg.htm and
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individual direction, but possible by ultrasound.

[f] National Security Advisor to President Carter.

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[228] Brodeur, P. The Zapping of America Norton, New York, p 299 &
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Yours faithfully,

Paul Gaffney

Dear Ministry of Defence,

Please pass this on to the person who conducts Freedom of
Information reviews.

I am writing to request an internal review of Ministry of Defence's
handling of my FOI request 'Amended FOI re:UK/US use of weapons I
previously gave the misnomer 'Voice of God 'weapon systems'.
You have taken far longer than allowed by law to answer the MOD
related requests.

A full history of my FOI request and all correspondence is
available on the Internet at this address:
http://www.whatdotheyknow.com/request/am...

Yours faithfully,

Paul Gaffney

Dear MOD FOI Internal Reviews Team,

Its not just that the UK does not such weapons but that if they
have knowledge of their allies using such weapons (the patents
included show such weapons are easily manufactured by most
countries by 2010).This would mean that if the US is using such
weapons then the UK has the duty to inform the relevant bodies.

Yours sincerely,

Paul GaffneyLLB BA

Dear CIO-FOI-IR (MULTIUSER),

I am otherwise engaged at the moment.
I shall think of a suitable response later..

Yours sincerely,

Paul GaffneyLLB BA

Dear Ministry of Defence,

Please pass this on to the person who conducts Freedom of
Information reviews.

I am writing to request an internal review of Ministry of Defence's
handling of my FOI request 'Amended FOI re:UK/US use of weapons I
previously gave the misnomer 'Voice of God 'weapon systems'.

They advise I am probably out of time which may be the case however
I would still like to ask an internal review as I have updated the
request with new information pretinent to the request.

A full history of my FOI request and all correspondence is
available on the Internet at this address:
http://www.whatdotheyknow.com/request/am...

Yours faithfully,

Paul GaffneyLLB BA

Dear MOD FOI Internal Reviews Team,

Thank you for the reply.I shall answer you in good time.
I am however at present otherwise engaged.

Yours sincerely,

Paul GaffneyLLB BA

Dear Ministry of Defence,
Technological Simulation of Hallucination
John J. McMurtrey, M. S. a and Edward A. Moore, M. D. b
Copyright 2005, 6 Jan. 2008
ABSTRACT
Background: Psychiatrists frequently evaluate complaints of remote
sound
transmission. Aim: Evidence for technologies capable of remote
sound or voice
transmission isolated to individuals is surveyed along with target
tracking capacity that
can maintain apparent psychosis. Method: Examination of government
reports,
engineering databases, the patent database post 1976, PubMed, and
the Internet for
available pertinent authentic sources. Results: Ultrasound and
radio frequency voice
transmission are described as methods to remotely isolate voice to
individuals. Accounts
of ultrasound and radio frequency energy forms used on people also
exist. Conclusion:
Evidence indicates development of technologies capable of remotely
isolating sound and
voice to an individual. Covert misuse of such technologies would
result in simulated
hallucination, which has no diagnostic recognition.
“Such a device has obvious applications in covert operations
designed to drive a target
crazy with ‘voices’ or deliver undetectable instructions to a
programmed assassin.”
--Robert O. Becker regarding microwave hearing voice transmission,
who was twice
Nobel Prize nominated for biological electromagnetic fields
research. 1
a Corresponding author. Email- [email address] Address: 903 N.
Calvert St., Baltimore MD
21202.
b Affiliated with University of Texas at San Antonio, College of
Engineering. Emailedmoorester@
gmail.com Address: 403 Terrell Rd., San Antonio, Texas 78209.
INTRODUCTION c
Medical professionals regard the perception of voice or sound,
which cannot be
heard by others nearby as hallucination excepting only tinnitus,
and deem such
phenomena as psychotic manifestations on persistent, disturbing
complaint. Though
‘hearing voices’ can involve numerous diagnoses, 2 this symptom is
often considered
characteristic in schizophrenia with 47-98% prevalence, 3 but the
symptom has reported
prevalence in dissociative identity disorder (DID) of 30-64%, 4 and
in bipolar disorder of
7-48%. 5 Patients frequently believe that such voices are
externally transmitted to them. 6
Apparently unrecognized by the psychiatric community, two
technologies have the
described capacity to remotely transmit voice or sound in an
individually isolated
manner. Considering that misuse of such technologies could simulate
hallucination and
confuse diagnosis, the available body of evidence for such capacity
is reviewed.
Herein is substantiated:
1. Development of remote ultrasound and radio frequency
technologies
for transmitting sound or voice, which can be isolated to an
individual.
2. Human tracking technologies.
3. Reports and published anecdotes of ultrasound and radio
frequency
energy use against people.
c Abbreviations: ATC = American Technology Corporation. ABR =
Auditory Brainstem Response. DID =
Dissociative Identity Disorder. FOIA = Freedom of Information Act.
Hz = cycles per second, and is an
eponym honorific abbreviation for Heinrich Rudolph Hertz. LRAD =
Long Range Acoustic Device. MHz
= Mega-Hertz denoting one million cycles per second.
2
METHODS
Literature examination by relevant terminology was performed on
PubMed,
National Technical Information Service, Google search, US and
European patent office
databases, as well as Compendex, the Wilson Web, and Inspec.
Ultrasound and
microwave bioeffects references were also cross examined for
relevance per article.
Inclusion/exclusion criteria are pertinence and authenticity.
Time series bibliometry of citations from the most recent radio
frequency hearing
review was plotted in histogram with differentiation of known
military support (Figure 1,
presently only papers in 1967, and 1975 are unexamined, now
indicated no military
support.) The significance of difference in total publication rate
was assessed by t-test d
of means for baseline publication prior to 1972 either as
considered from the 1956
citation of advertisement with microwave hearing mention or the
1961 more definitive
Frey substantiation compared with the 1973-1980 apparent
publication upslope.
Regression was plotted for the baseline with no upward trend, and
per the concerns of
single case time series analysis, 7 the 1973-1980 upslope data were
adjusted by per datum
d t – test equation:
_ _
__x_-_y____
__________
/ sx
2 sy
2
. \/ nx + ny
Where:
(The back slash-forward slash and underline combination above
represent the
square root of the denominator terms.)
_ _
x and y are the mean of the respective populations compared.
sx and sy are the standard deviations of the respective
populations.
nx and ny are the numbers of samples in the population.
3
subtraction of the mean from Frey 1961 through 1972 publication
baseline for the
presented p value (all t-tests are highly significant.)
ULTRASOUND VOICE TRANSMISSION
The loud, steady production of two different tones results in a
third tone equal to
the frequency difference between the original tones. The sounds so
created are known as
the tones of Tartini 8 who was an 18th century violinist, and
result from air non-linearity
that causes sound to scatter itself. The effect also occurs in
water for sonar generators
called parametric arrays, with the short ultrasound wavelength
permitting high directional
projection. Acoustic tones produced in air by ultrasound beams were
first reported in
1962, 9 followed by several abstract reports 10 11 12 and then had
more complete
publication. 13 Voice modulated on an ultrasound beam is caused to
peal off by another
ultrasound beam in loudspeakers for directionally projecting audio
sound, 14 15 16 17 with
mathematical prediction compared to experimental results. 18 19
Basic methods for such
speakers are described in the Audio Engineering Handbook. 20
Recently reported are
improvements in emitters, 21 and directivity. 22 Though utilized as
a term in many reports,
‘loudspeaker’ has somewhat misleading connotations for these
speakers, since virtual
point sound sources are generated within the ultrasound beams 23
without scattering
outside the beam intersection. 23 A recipient perceives this sound
projection technique
as originating within the head without directional orientation as
described from
demonstrations for an audio engineering society, 24 an engineering
news article, 25 and
Popular Science 26 as well as non-lethal weapon applications
patents.
4
An ultrasound voice transmission patent clearly focuses on
non-lethal weapon use
against crowds or as directed at an individual. 27 Communication
that is understood as an
inner voice can have powerful emotional reactions in people, “since
most cultures
attribute inner voices either as a sign of madness, or as messages
from spirits or demons.”
23 Another ultrasound voice transmission patent describes sound
production particularly
within cavities such as the ear canal. 28 An individual readily
understands communication
by the device across a noisy crowded room without discernment by
others nearby. Sound
can also be made to appear as originating from mid-air or from
surfaces by reflection.
American Technology Corporation (ATC) licensed this latter patent,
and
commercially sells their HyperSonic Sound® system, which has a
technical treatment
available 29 and a professional meeting presentation. 30 This
company also has an
acoustic non-lethal weapon called the Long Range Acoustic Device
(LRADTM) that is
deployed to the Navy, Coast Guard, Army, Marine Corps, military
prison camps, and the
US Border Patrol 31 32 as well as ground troops in Iraq and
Afghanistan. 33 An 80 %
efficacy in deterring wayward Persian Gulf vessels by the LRAD has
science news
report. 34 The device is also deployed to police departments, 24 35
36 on cruise ships, 23
and at petroleum instillations, 37 while a version of the device is
available for automatic
operation in conjunction with remote sensor security systems. 38 A
similar ultrasound
method capable of limiting sound to one person, Audio Spotlight®
has peer reviewed
publication, 23 and is marketed. Audio Spotlight press releases
indicate exhibition at
Boston’s Museum of Science, 39 the General Motors display at
Disney’s Epcot Center, 40
the Smithsonian National Air & Space Museum, and other public
venues. 41 Press
accounts detail transmission of sound to persons unaware of such
use 42 by both
5
developers, along with some description of more disturbing sound
exposure, 43 which can
include pain even with ear plugs decreasing the noise. 23 A
non-lethal weapons program
director confirms the lack of sound perception by other people
nearby on ultrasound
voice transmission. 44 Though ultrasound can pass through walls, 45
46 the encoded sound
from ultrasound speakers reflects audibly upon striking hard flat
surfaces.
MICROWAVE HEARING
Radar technicians had microwave hearing effect anecdotes in World
War II 47 48
and the late 1940’s. 49 Allan H. Frey was the first to
substantially characterize the
microwave hearing effect in a series of articles beginning in 1961,
50 51 52 yet much earlier
less defined observations in open literature by Cazzamalli of
‘radio frequency
hallucination’ 53 may well be the same effect. Subjects can hear
appropriately pulsed
microwaves at least up to thousands of feet from the transmitter.
24 Peak pulse power
largely determines loudness, though with some dependence on pulse
width. 24
Microwaves are the higher frequency portion of the radio frequency
spectrum.
Frequency is denoted in Hz, which is an abbreviated eponym to honor
radio pioneer
Heinrich Rudolph Hertz, but Hz just means cycles per second.
Frequencies relevant to
microwave hearing are in Mega-Hertz (MHz) units or one million
cycles per second, and
Giga-Hertz (GHz) units or one billion cycles per second. Though
most hearing effect
literature refers to microwave hearing, radio frequency hearing is
an appropriate term,
since the phenomenon extends below the 300 MHz microwave definition
cutoff
frequency 24 to include 2.4 MHz magnetic resonance imaging radio
frequency
generators. 54
6
Microwave hearing is the most accepted of low power microwave
effects, because
of direct perception by many microwave workers with well replicated
animal definition,
24 and numerous reviews of the phenomenon. 24 24 55 56 57 58 The
sound produced is
perceived within or near the head. 24 Microwave hearing results
from rapid
thermoelastic expansion causing sound waves within the head. 24 The
cochlea is
involved, but not the middle ear. 25 The thermoelastic effect
elicits sound within
substances with only certain materials or conditions able to emit
air conducted sound. 59
Lin extends the range of microwave hearing to frequencies into the
‘tens of gigahertz.’ 24
A review of microwave bioeffects describes “receiverless” and
“wireless” voice
transmission discovery in 1973 by Sharp and Grove, 60 e who were
then at the Walter
Reed Army Institute of Research according to a different microwave
hearing report
submission date. 61 The method was simple: negative deflections
from recorded spoken
numbers were processed to cause triggering of microwave pulses.
Upon illumination by
such verbally modulated energy, the words were understood remotely.
An Army Mobility Equipment Research and Development Command report
states
microwave speech transmission with applications for “camouflage,
decoy, and deception
operations” as a main rationale for a microwave exposure brain
blood flow study, which
affirms “by proper choice of pulse characteristics, intelligible
speech may be created.” 62
Between the inclusive dates given for these affirmations of
microwave hearing voice
transmission development, the total simple sound radio frequency
investigation
publication rate increased 3.7 fold, even with per datum
subtraction of any possible mean
baseline trend (t-test p < 0.02) for normal statistics on the
bibliometric time series of
e Both these researchers had then recently done classified work on
the weapons implications of the Moscow
American Embassy irradiation according to Project Bizarre FOIA
releases, see
http://www.dod.mil/pubs/foi/reading_room....
7
citations from the most recent radio frequency hearing review. 25
The Oskar, 1980
affirmation was published the year after the raw data historical
peak of publications for
total and military supported simple sound radio frequency hearing
reports, where for 45
years of investigation, half of citations cluster for publication
date in the decade after
1973 as given for Dr. Sharp’s account of voice transmission
discovery with the interval
having double the number of articles with military support compared
to other periods,
and apparent clustering towards the dates of interest (Figure 1).
The rapid drop in simple
sound microwave hearing publication coincides with evidence of Air
Force interest in
defining radio frequency “forced disruptive phenomenon . . . to
interrupt, degrade or
direct human central nervous system functioning.” 63 The Air Force
mentions radio
frequency acoustic phenomenon, 25 but within the simple sound
literature with expected
interest as forced disruptive phenomenon are notations of
vibration, 64 buffeting of the
head as well as a “pins and needles” sensation, 24 and petit to
grand mal seizures with
unconsciousness for 4-5 minutes 65 at altered f pulse parameters.
Microwave Auditory Effects and Applications describes applications
of remote
voice transmission as “obviously not limited to therapeutic
medicine.” 66 A Defense
Intelligence Agency review of Communist literature affirms
microwave sound and
indicates voice transmission. The report states: “Sounds and
possibly even words which
appear to be originating intracranially (within the head) can be
induced by signal
modulation at very low average power densities.” 67 Among weapon
implications are
“great potential for development into a system for disorientating
or disrupting the
behavior patterns of military or diplomatic personnel.” 25
f At presumably higher pulse parameters, but only fully specified
in the last reference.
8
The Brunkan Patent “Hearing system” is a device for verbal
microwave hearing. 68
The invention details microwave speech transmission with a
parabolic antenna remotely
illuminating the head. Complex sound and voice are built up by
patterns of bursts with a
single burst composed of tightly grouped evenly spaced pulses. The
microwave
spectrum granted by the patent is from 100 to 10,000 MHz with pulse
width from 10
nanoseconds to 1 microsecond, and bursts of such pulses lasting
from 500 nanoseconds to
100 microseconds (a nanosecond is 10 -9 or one billionth of a
second; a microsecond is 10
-6 or one millionth of a second.) The 1000 MHz preferred operation
is the optimal tissue
penetration frequency. 69 A similar German patent for remote
antenna microwave voice
transmission is also based on microwave bursts. 70 A non-remote
microwave voice
transmission patent based on microwave bursts is designed so that
the burst frequency
matches the sound frequency. 71
Microwave hearing literature confirms an ability to reproduce sound
characteristics, and aspects of these patents. Though loudness is
modulated by pulse
power, 24 72 closely spaced pulses also increase sound intensity,
73 74 or lower the
perception threshold. 24 The tonal quality of a pulse train
corresponds to pulsation
frequency, 25 75 76 and longer pulse widths produce lower frequency
sound. 24
Microwave pulse width differentially influences cat cochlear
nucleus auditory units that
are responsive to different tones 77 over sound frequencies from
931 Hz to 25.5 kHz. 78
Twin pulse separation responses 25 have at least some analogy to
human pitch
discrimination parameters. 79
Two separate devices with non-remote transducers show efficacy in
peer
reviewed publication either by independent analysis of operation,
80 81 or the developers
9
demonstrating improved speech discrimination. 82 83 Although this
latter report’s title
features electrotherapy, radio frequency hearing just previously
was considered as
electrophonic hearing 84 and a radio frequency method is stated,
while equipment
description is referred to an Air Force study. 85 This 1964 study
is the first English radio
frequency voice transmission report with improved word
discrimination for the hearing
impaired.
A 1993 classified non-lethal weapon conference demonstration of a
microwave
voice transmission device of Lockheed-Sanders manufacture is
reported by Nexus
Magazine. 86 Quoted descriptors are ‘voice synthesis’ or ‘synthetic
telepathy.’ 26 This
same year a US Department of Defense contract was awarded entitled
“Communicating
Via the Microwave Auditory Effect.” Communication initial results
are: “The feasibility
of the concept has been established” using both low and high power
systems. 87 A
Freedom of Information Act (FOIA) request for information on the
project met with
denial on the part of the US Air Force, on the grounds that
disclosure “could reasonably
be expected to cause damage to national security.” 88 Though the
Air Force denied FOIA
disclosure, an Air Force report elaborates such a contract’s
purpose for “the possibility of
covert suggestion and psychological direction” by “high fidelity
speech” from microwave
hearing enabling a capacity “to ‘talk’ to selected adversaries in a
fashion that would be
most disturbing to them.” 89 90
This Air Force discussion framed as ‘possibility’ is belied by
publication during
he same year as patent application for a pulse amplitude modulation
method for
implementation of such capability 91 by Air Force employees 92 93
with rights assigned to
the Air Force. FOIA releases related to the patent list “a
psychological warfare
10
communication tool” under government use, 94 state experimental
demonstration of
intelligible speech transmission, 95 and provide some description
of initial experiments. 96
This first patent was followed by another related patent, 97
neither of which evidence
knowledge of previous development or citation of the obviously
relevant Brunkan 25
patent.
Under voice to skull devices, a microwave voice transmission
non-lethal weapon
is referenced in the thesaurus of the Center for Army Lessons
Learned, which is a
military instruction website. 98 The US Navy has awarded a contract
for the development
of an aversive non-lethal weapon termed MEDUSA, and based on the
microwave
auditory effect that is to be able to focus on a single individual.
99 However, no voice
transmission is indicated for the Navy system. 26
When electromagnetic signatures of spoken words are applied to the
head at very
low field levels (1 microTorr), word choice is reported
significantly affected for related
words along the same emotional dimensions as the applied word. 100
Though inspired by
microwave hearing, this report is not of direct auditory
perception, but of subliminal
word choice influence. The authors suggest that such an influence,
even though weak
could shift the direction of group decisions in large populations,
and have previously
elaborated the possibility for more general electromagnetic
influence on populations. 101
TARGET TRACKING TECHNOLOGY
Diagnostic confusion with major psychotic states would require
target tracking for
the maintenance of isolated hearing effects on people. Common
technology utilizes the
radio frequency hearing spectrum, which encompasses cell phone, 102
103 TV, and radar
11
frequencies. 104 Since the ability to direct radiation is related
to wavelength, which
becomes shorter with increasing frequency, g microwaves are
directive in a manner
similar to light 105 except with structural penetrating ability. A
variety of methods assist
radiation localization for collimation or focusing including
masers, 106 and antennas that
are parabolic, have lens materials, 107 or are arranged in phased
array. 108 Phased array
antennae can be of small configuration with the formation and
direction of radar beams
without physical motion by precise phasing of current between array
elements for
constructive and destructive interference. 26
Jane’s Radar and Electronic Warfare Systems lists 13 target
tracking systems
specifying such capability on personnel at ranges from 4-20 km,
which are utilized by
countries around the world. 109 Automated target tracking involves
a track initiation
processor acquiring a target, while a data association filter
maintains a tracking lock on
the target 110 with this process utilized to continuously direct a
radar beam at a target for
tracking position. 111 Even a quarter century ago, specifications
for weapons fire control
designs whereby aiming was entirely determined by radar tracking
were commonly
evident with numerous radars dedicated to one weapon. 112 Radars
devoted to tracking
isolated targets are presently prominent enough to merit a few
paragraphs in a recent
science and technology encyclopedia. 113 Other components can be
directed by radar
tracking, such as a camera at a human target for commercial
security surveillance. 114
One patent describes human target tracking with automatic aiming of
electromagnetically
induced pain, now a declassified capability, 26 115 and even remote
assessment of
physiologic stress. 116
g By the relation: wavelength times frequency equals the speed of
light.
12
Movement excursions less than a frequency’s wavelength alter the
phase of a
target echo waveform as compared to the transmitted frequency.
Since waveform phase
relates to distance in wavelength, this allows radar assessment of
life by breathing and
heartbeat measurement from body surface excursions, which is
reviewed respecting
medical or rescue use, 117 and hypovolemic states are
discriminated. 118 Surroundings
without motion do not return echoes with waveform out of phase from
the transmitted
signal in contrast to living subjects, so that vital organ cycle
detection is utilized in
through wall radar discernment of humans developed for security
purposes. 119 The
capacity is evaluated as a covert polygraph for lie detection. 120
121 One system 122 for
radar visualization of humans through walls utilizing just range
radar with a moving
target indication method, has a 5 inch resolution, 123 and is
approved for sale by the US
Federal Communications Commission. 124
Patents for rescue 125 and security systems 126 with radar
detecting vital organ
motion describe the ability to distinguish individuals through
obstruction by frequency
analysis, which forms a type of “electronic fingerprint.” Besides
vital organ oscillation
from phase change contributions to the human radar signature,
another method is based
on the Doppler effect, whereby motion adds or subtracts energy to a
radar echo so that
the return signal frequency is changed in proportion to velocity.
Doppler effects produce
individual variance of human signals 127 with gait 128 and
heartbeat 129 considered as
biometric identifiers. Humans have good radar reflectance, 27 and
body parts can be
resolved by through wall imaging. 130 Human motion generated
Doppler frequencies are
regarded as a frequency spectrogram resulting from moving centers
of body and
appendage radar scattering, where just thigh height would provide
reasonably accurate
13
discrimination between males or females based on relevant biometric
distribution
(expected accuracy for sex; male – 84%, female – 91%). 131
Stationary surroundings only
return echoes at the transmitted frequency, so the Doppler effect
usefully identifies
moving targets inside structures. Other information available to
radar is the human radar
cross section, which is about one square meter, 132 but is
proportional to a target’s weight,
133 and varies with the subject’s orientation with respect to the
radar antenna even from
front versus back such that differences in radar cross section
relate to body position. 134
Further general target recognition methods are based on
polarization characteristics, and
the frequency amplitude response. 135
Target illumination tracking systems have at least microsecond
response times.
Such responses require no wide scan area to lock illumination upon
a person at
achievable speeds. Less than 1/100th of an inch in a microsecond is
traversed at 90 miles
per hour.
Battlefield human tracking specifications are not expected to
consider urban
obstruction. Radar capability through obstruction is apparent from
the optimization and
adaptation of military radar to commercial through-the-wall
surveillance development, 136
with open literature surveys or overviews available. 137 138 139
Most materials negligibly
attenuate radar at the lower microwave frequencies. High
frequencies in the millimeter
wavelengths (95 GHz = 3 mm) can provide detailed imaging of humans,
but are not
suitable for brick and concrete. 27 Though lacking in more detail,
some human image
can be obtained at frequencies as low as 10 GHz, which also has
good building material
penetration. 27
14
Raytheon’s Motion and Ranging System is battery operated, briefcase
sized, has a
100 foot range, 140 provides two dimensional tracking, and can
report range to motion of
30 targets. 141 142 Another system characterizes through wall
capability as at “any
distance.” 143 A portable, battery operated radar report states
detection of individuals
through 3 walls. 144 Other literature reports detection of
personnel through several
intervening walls, 27 or through a single brick wall 15 inches 145
and ½ meter wide (about
5 brick courses). 27 Since through-wall surveillance systems
evident in the open
literature are subject to commercial regulatory, pricing,
portability, and imaging
constraints, they cannot be regarded as the capability limit
especially regarding radars for
less economically constrained security markets or without portable
design.
ACCOUNTS OF MICROWAVE AND ULTRASOUND USE AGAINST HUMANS
Ultrasound behavioral influence technology use in Northern Ireland
is cited. 146
The device could focus on one person, though voice transmission is
unconfirmed. The
Americans employed the system in Vietnam, which is termed the
squawk box, while a
news report characterizes psychological effects as ‘spooky,’
annoying, and intolerable. 147
British police inventories list the specific device, though a
spokesman denied use. 148
The Long Range Acoustic Device has published descriptions of
utilization for clearing
occupants from a building to execute a search warrant, repelling a
pirate attack from a
cruise ship, and ‘drawing out snipers’ for destruction, 23 besides
acknowledged use as a
‘hailing’ device with the demonstrations and developer ‘pranks’
noted above.
The most documented citizen microwave irradiation was of peace
protesters at
Greenham Common American Air Force Base in Berkshire England, who
prompted
15
investigation of unusual symptoms 149 that fit well with
electromagnetic exposure
syndrome. 28 Radiation measurements exhibited microwaves with
symptom experience
up to a hundred times the background level, and rose sharply on
protests nearer the base.
28 That some of the women ‘heard voices’ has report. 150
Though the source is otherwise postulated, radio frequency field
measurement is
reported in the vicinity of an Australian DID case, 151 which is a
disorder with indicated
precedent for intelligence service interest and use. 152 The
radiation intensity ranged from
7 mV in an adjacent room to 35 mV next to the head. Other published
anecdotal cases
affirm microwave field measurement without strength publication.
153 154 155 A security
company advertises investigations of electromagnetic harassment
including microwave
voice transmission with field measurement. 156
DISCUSSION
Ultrasound voice transmission technology is well confirmed by peer
reviewed
literature, deployed in military 23 24 24 or police situations, 24
24 24 publicly
demonstrated in museum exhibits, 24 24 24 and for sale to the
public. 157 158 Microwave
hearing literature defines pulse parameters that elicit audition,
which would be considered
hallucination by psychiatrists on complaint of covert simple sound
transmission, and
provides a foundation for radio frequency voice transmission
citations. Peer reviewed
literature 25 25 and a government report 25 confirm non-remote
voice transmission
systems. There are four patents for remote radio frequency voice
transmission, 25 25 two
of which were developed by the US Defense Department. 26 26
Successful independent
development of such methods is indicated twice: Original successful
Army experiments
16
25 followed by increased historical density of total and military
supported simple sound
investigations that peak the year before publication (Figure 1) of
a bioeffects study citing
speech transmission as rationale, 25 and alternative news report of
device demonstration.
26 Later, the Air Force had their own initial experiments 26 that
with more development
became patents, 26 26 and successful demonstration is stated. 26
Duplicated effort is
usual to classified programs. Though there is only some publication
of microwave field
strength around victims 28 28 or measurement anecdotes, 28 28 28
with some
publications of remote radio frequency voice transmission use being
in media of variable
reliability, such reports are supported by descriptions of
non-lethal weapon applications
25 26 and designation as a weapons capability. 26 26 26 The fact is
that these accounts
or any remote harassment complaints have no adequate investigation
because medical
texts and professors teach that such claims are symptoms of mental
illness, despite
abundant indications that voice transmission and human tracking has
long enabled
feasibility for continuously isolating sound or voice to
individuals. It must be appreciated
that engineering development is often proprietary and less
published than open science,
especially in areas with covert application. Implementing microwave
hearing voice
transmission would apparently involve little more than programming
a radar tracking
beam for the necessary characteristics.
The logic in the prediction by Brzezinski h of a more controlled
and directed
society dominated by a power elite willing to use the latest modern
techniques for
influencing behavior without hindrance by liberal democratic values
is compelling. 159
Since prevalent expertise assumes that voice transmission
perception by any possible
h
National Security Advisor to President Carter.
17
victim only has basis as a psychotic symptom without reality,
serious complaints have
such disregard that the ability to bear witness in journalistic or
police investigation and
court proceeding is readily compromised. Potential targets are
multiple, and may include
anyone worth manipulation: domestic adversaries; witnesses of
improprieties; security
risks, which may only comprise classified disclosures; those prone
to committing
advantageous felonies; and even those psychologically similar to
other targets for
development or training purposes. Covert voice transmission
technology is most
applicable within the same language and culture. Security agencies
have little legal
accountability, particularly with utilization of unrecognized
technology. Legality is
readily circumvented by executive orders, (particularly declaring
an emergency
situation), which can be sealed with the prerogative only
accountable to co-equal
government branches.
Though complaint of ‘hearing voices’ is routinely diagnosed as
psychotic, 160
psychoanalytical acknowledgement of such technological capacity and
the need for new
diagnostic criteria does exist. 161 The current standard of care
severely discredits anyone
claiming such an affliction. Longstanding complaints by numerous
individuals about
remote voice transmission to the medical community 23 are too
correspondent with the
technological development herein documented to further ignore. The
rationale for civil
rights abrogation based on the presumption that such symptoms have
no plausible
external etiology requires justification by rational investigation
that is absent from
medical literature. Without adequate investigation, final diagnoses
cannot be regarded as
conclusive but must be viewed as presumptive. Undermining such
presumption are some
hallucination brain response reports that support microwave hearing
as a simulated
18
hallucination mechanism by indicating involvement of the initial
hearing pathway, which
is a promising criterion for differential diagnosis. 162
Microwave hearing is actually heard through the cochlea of the
inner ear causing
activation of associated brain nuclei resulting in the Auditory
Brainstem Response
(ABR). 163 164 165 The ABR is a validated hearing evaluation
technique for unresponsive
patients. 166 The ABR could be altered for patient indication of
voice
transmission/hallucination instead of audible tone presentation. An
ABR is not expected
to occur from endogenous hallucination that has inner speech
mis-identification as the
current leading theory.
Radio frequency field measurement in the vicinity of complainants,
especially
with attention to directional cranial localization is appropriate
with any field elevation
further characterized. Investigation of electrophysiological
deficits correspondent
between microwave bioeffects and schizophrenia 167 compared with
and without
electromagnetic shielding might provide differentiation with
existing magnetic resonance
imaging, and magnetoencephalography facilities shielded from
commercial signals, but
radar effectiveness must be proven. At least the burst-pulse
microwave voice
transmission patents are pulsed at such high frequencies that an
additional ultrasound
component is expected, 25 similar to microwave thermoacoustically
induced ultrasound
tomography. 168 Even recordings claiming an ability to capture
harassment sounds 25
have support in that condenser microphones are responsive to the
thermoacoustic effect
though as induced by a laser. 169
Considering the number of patients who complain of remote influence
and actual
authentic indications of such technology, due investigative
diligence is required to avoid
19
the appearance of ethical negligence in remuneration for
unsubstantiated opinion that
violates basic human rights. The ambiguity of diagnostic
supposition is supported by
extensive correlations of microwave bioeffects with reported
schizophrenia symptoms
other than ’voices,’ which includes: short-term and spatial memory
deficit, time
estimation changes, deficits in sequencing, coordination deficit,
numerous
electrophysiological changes, startle decrease, neurotransmitter
changes, hormone
alterations, immune alterations, mitochondria deficits, lipid
phosphorylation decrease,
lipid peroxidation, deleterious histological change in disease
reduced brain areas,
activation of hallucination involved brain areas, and ocular
disease. 28 Even the most
apparently bizarre of Schneiderian symptoms may have basis in that
recent EEG analysis
studies confirm and extend the feasibility of thought reading,
which was reported initially
by a 1975 Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency study, and
there are references to
‘remote EEG’ microwave methods. 170
20
Radio Frequency Hearing Articles per Year
0 1 2 3 4 5 6
1956
1959
1962
1965
1968
1971
1974
1977
1980
1983
1986
1989
1992
1995
1998
2001
Year
Article Quantity
Military Support Acknowledged No Military Support Acknowledged
Figure 1. Histogram of article quantity per year for Elder and
Chou, 2003 25 radio frequency auditory
response review citations. Simple sound radio frequency hearing
publications increase on and after the
date given (1973) for Dr. Sharp’s account of successful microwave
hearing voice transmission for total and
military supported investigations. Maximal quantities for each
category occur the year before the Oskar,
1980 Army Mobility Equipment Research and Development Command study
affirms microwave hearing
speech transmission as a study rationale. Acknowledgement of
military support in prior or post periods are
half the rate that occurs for investigations dated from 1973
through 1983, wherein 45 % of these studies
acknowledge military support. Though some military supported
reports originated from naval laboratories,
the primary military funding source was the Office of Naval
Research with only one study having
additional Army funding contribution, and another study solely Air
Force funded. Note the relative lack of
publications during the O’Loughlin and Loree patent period of
development (1996-2001).
Acknowledgements: Thanks are given to John Allman for financially
supporting an
initial draft and Alfredo Julio Nieto Centeno for encouraging
donations. Thanks are also
given to God for inspiration, Sharon Weinberger for the Air Force
patent FOIA releases,
as well as the suggestions of Dr. Paul Canner and Dr. Allen Barker.
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This articel and othesr like it o proves such technology is
feasible and would I belive constitue torture

Yours faithfully,

Paul Gaffney