Style Guide
for The Shuttle and other
corporate publications
North Blackburn
00
Blackburn with Darwen Borough Council’s
Neighbourhood
News
Summer 2006
Rent deposit
Your Council - your community
scheme
Information for tenants
Park restored to its
Private la
East Darwen
g
n
u
d
id
lo
e
r
d
t
former splendour
o
s
’
b
h
e
o
n
u
e
s
fi
in
t
g
Neighbourhood
News
Summer 2006
Your Council - your community
Gary Ward, lead
singer of local
band Gone
Beggin’ on stage
G
“Yes” to major
uide
n
C
to
ou
change in DarweFancy a
ncil servic
partDy
ar ?
wen Live
es
breaks records
Come and join the party at
Corporation Park, Blackburn
Thousands of visitors poured
Parks Supporters Group with a free fun day on
Ea
on Sunday 9th July 12.30 st R
into Darwen for the town’s
Ne
ural
Restoration work on Roe Lee Park has now
April 1. The park’s supporters group help to
pm – 2.30pm. There will be
i
biggest live music event.
g
Y
hbo
our Council - your communityu
been completed thanks to £300k boost.
look after the park by working alongside local
music, fun, praise, games,
A record number of performers
rhoo
As part of the changes, which have
Council ors and offi cers, reporting problems
puppets and much more.
d - more than 60 acts - took part in
New
been funded by the government, new paths
and organising events. If you would like to
Bring your own picnic and
the three-day festival, which attracted
s
have been laid, benches, bins and pooper
join the Parks Supporters Group, please call
something to sit on. Soft drinks will
music lovers from around the country.
scoopers instal ed and new fl ower beds
Joanne Ramdewor, parks manager on (01254)
be available. Al the action wil take
Most people (91%) agreed they would
Bands - among them a number of
and trees planted. The views have been
588704. The Parks Supporters Group are
place near the children’s playground
l
ocal and regional artists - played at
like the markets to be updated and 88%
opened up across the park and residents
Residents have endorsed the planned revamp
planning another fun day for the summer.
area. The party has been organised
eight dif erent venues, including the
Summer 2006
Darw
were in favour of proposals to make the
en
report that as a result they feel much
of Darwen town centre, giving their approval
by the Four Churches Together in
Darwen library theatre and Marigolds.
Liv market square the heart of the town centre.
e 2
safer using it. New CCTV has also helped
to the option involving biggest change.
North Blackburn. For more details
Seventies band The Blockheads
0
More than half would like to see the
06
keep the park safe. The pavilion has been
Almost 700 people took part in the
contact Yvonne on (01254) 57365
(‘Hit Me With Your Rhythm Stick,’ ‘Sex
front of the Market Hal opened up to create
transformed by an ambitious plan to knock
consultation on the Darwen Town Centre
and Drugs and Rock ‘n’ Rol ) headlined
shop units, but there were also cal s for new
down internal wal s and create a large new
Masterplan, after details were sent
this year’s event, appearing on an
space to be made available for shops.
meeting area, with new windows, improved
to every home in Darwen. It outlined
open air stage in the town centre.
Meanwhile, 71% are in favour of
disabled access and a new offi ce space.
three levels of improvement – minimal,
Other bands taking part in the
Young people now have a space dedicated
moderate and major change.
opening up the River Darwen between
event, now in its seventh year, included
Seven out of ten people were in
School Street and Union Street.
Councillor
for them, with a skate park, shelter and tyre
Darwen’s own Gone Beggin’, Nevil e
An action plan is expected to be developed
swing and the childrens play area has been
favour of option 3, Darwen Town Centre
detailed
Staple (from the Specials) and his band,
W
Partnership’s preferred option, which will
over the next few months fol owing warns a
Saf b
ro o
Man, u
Thet
Baghdaddies, One
refurbished. This is not the end of the work
ea
site assessments, while potential sources
f
l
o
t
though as further improvements are planned.
see a major refurbishment of the town.
String Loose and Mutual Vibrations.
h
r
s
o
The Park was offi cial y launched by the
of funding and investment are identifi ed.
ember
Local radio station ‘107 The Bee’
Proposed changes include:
w
f
Council or Andy Kay, executive mburglary threat
e
• opening up the front of the Market
hosted the main stage and provided
The Council’s community spor
im
x
for regeneration, said: “The people and
t, interviews
p
on-stage entertainmen,
c
e
Hal to create shop units
St Pa
per
o
r
businesses of Darwen have given a clear and
Beardwood with Lammack councillor
ul’ an
s d live music broadcasts.
for
i
a
e
• linking the Market Square area with
mance swimming picked up even mor
skills when he joined the England Sw
c
n
h
c
of the town centre
strong message of support for the vision and
Sheila Williams has warned residents to
New c
Darwen Live is the fi rst of three major
P
e
oth e
er pan
rts tre fl
ourishing
rimar
T
the work of Darwen Town Centre Partnership.
y
be vigilant after a spate of burglaries in
co
Sunccil-backed festivals taking place in
eam for the Commonwealth Games in
Ro
C
h
hild
o
re
o
• potential new offi ce developments
n f
l
chance to help their children eat more
“I would like to thank everyone who has
Melbour
b
the Lammack area. She has urged people
ment Street, Railway Road,
rom St P the borough over the coming months.
aul
ts coach for
Seven Treesi C
n h
Piladrlrie
a n’s Centre based
healthily. The group is held on Thursdays
’s
S
participated and responded to the consultation.
P
ch
ri
o
m
to be particularly careful when out in the
o
a
l
r
i
y
As par
ne.
ugh Road Duckworth Street,
n Hodd
The annual Mela takes place at Witton
lesden
b
w
Emp
on Whal ey Stree
b t
o rc
o ontinues to grow
from 12 til 1pm in the centre’s community
“The response gives us the belief
e
il
l
b
c
lo
garden during the warm evenings as an
u
e
s
r
y
t
a
in
in
t
ly
ye
R
e n
o
dry Street and Knott Street
he ru
Country Park on July 15 and 16, fol owed
n up t
ew
b
sl
t of the coaching team he was given the
ette
t
G
chance to develop and work with some of the best
b
o
r
ri
r
p
e
and develop it’sF r
oa
unge of services and
café. For further details of activities at the
and confi dence to take the masterplan
r
e
th
opportunist thief will often take advantage
a
e
k
.
summer
e
to
n
w
ovements to The Circus and bus access
by Arts in the Park on July 22 and 23.
A
o
u
o
coaches in the world.
s
d
e
imming
activities. Ch
• e
eiry
m pC
r hompers is a group
centre please contact (01254) 264922.
forward to the next stage.
O
tr
,
of doors and windows left open.
n May 17
Local and regional bands are being
a
p
l
ia
i
ay station improvements
, the young
c
t
w
u
i
r
t
e
that offers loc
• alr m
ail u
w ms and dads the
“We wil continue to involve and listen
series of four e
h
Ju d
n
i
nv
stite
er ds to
b
e a
g u
i d
n ition for a place on this year’s
a
sne l
Rob, who himself r
q
e
u
f
2 t006
• housing redevelopment
vironmen
a
d
o
n
to local people as the regeneration
with Educati
New
on
fe
t s
alt ivwalo rpkesrfhormance bil at Arts in the Park.
ps
m
h
e
i
s
inter
m
• linking River Darwen corridor
4a Green
p
e
be
national level, is also assistant chief coach at
plans for Darwen develop.”
a
r
r
F
tnership w
F
uotru fru
e r,t h
i e
n r information please contact
C
h
ildren & Young People’s Partn
r
e
s
Gallica (Lancashir
r
into the town centre.
i
th the Wild
s
w
l
i
o
h
r
epr
ksho
i
ps
p
wi
Deborah Gor
l
J
f o
e n TrM
u c
s C
t. a
u
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h hey on (01254) 664540.
e
b
appointments
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y
a
r
.
y, June
y
child m
head of ser
a
tte
C
r
s
th Leisur
nik has been appointed as the Council’s
eat Britain at an
e) Swimming Club which meets at
ou
And on
n
May
depar
1
c
9, Oly
i
m
vice - early years, in the childr
tment. Deborah has worked
e Centr
l st
S
C
p
r
i
a
e
a
c
v
i
g
g
e
y
n
H
m
for the Council for a number of
ti
e
n
f
e
a
a
s
p
s
(
t
b
f
a
Gala day is on its way
surrounding areas wil once again show
n
d T
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to
ig
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Hi still time to join in the fun
their support for this traditional town event.”
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If 5,000 staf
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at this year’s Darwen Gala.
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Council community grant.
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head
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interim head of policy following
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year raising £17,000 for the East
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costs of £890,000 and just 22% funding
fr
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and
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Lancashir
Deduction for
charitable donations.
n
w
t
.
a
h
T
i
h
c
o will gr
w
enadn tJ t
u o
li take part on Saturday, August 19.
wil be available from town centre
e
e ch
i
i
l
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d
p
re
elies heavily
s
e
r
n
omotion of Andr
n
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id
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to executive dir
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l The new rules mean regular events, such
ace th
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a
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oods Group
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ri
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Les Whyte and Neil
a
a
t
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e
ar
w
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c o
o p
t
n
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e Hospice thr
e
u le are also invited to enter the
d in
businesses nearer the time.
e
n
s
i
r
ms ar
t
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i
o
i
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er
n
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s
a
s
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g
on
d
a
n
e being cir
c
s
s
a
s
w
ough the
Mayor’s charity appeal, the Council
with your wage slips for staf
r
ts
e
l
o
culated esour
f
a
p
as the Friends of Sunnyhurst W
brary T
w
s
s
a
o
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r
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h
m
v
t
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i
c
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o
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a
f
a
w
a
t
p
i
l
Dagnall who r
n
r
l
e
n
f
e
r
o
u
m
r
a
m
l ba
p
e o
. pular road parade with a fl oat, vehicle
To book a stal telephone
n
a
a
rt
n
is
e
c
t
n
a
s
t
T
n
s
d
o sign up to the scheme make sur
n
o
i
s
o
t
p
contribute dir
p
ces. F
t
h
l
a
ew Lightfoot
m
a
y summer fete and the annual carol concert,
k holid
is pledging fur
e
ector corporate
s
a
e
y
t
a
a
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e
b
p
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t
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a
s
th
h
a
c
t
s
h
h
f who want to
e
o
d
h
o
y
,
te
o
r
e
a
l
picked up the Best Bar
a
.
r
,
f
wi
o
l
o
n ro w
w a
i l
nk
i in fancy dress. The parade sets
June on (01254) 725958.
t
t
c
a
s
h
e
fe
r
s
B
m
ti
e
ther suppor
ectly to the hospice funds. rm
i
a
v
r
a
n
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you fi
i
l
c
i
e
c
.
a
B
n stil e
s
s
wor
i
a
n
n
a
i
cnow need a licence to take place in the park.
ke pl
ll in and r
9
ac
thy cause.
t to the
n
n
a
:3
e
j
i
o
d
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:
e
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ecently
p
ro
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t
t
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o
c
The hospice pr
e
c
m
m
n
h
o
1
n
etur
M
e
a
n the hospice for
None awar
a
he
e
y
t
o
pff
mf rtom
o Anchor Road at 12.30pm,
For more information about the road
ry to provide lo
2
cira
s
Ca
0
d
te
t
b
r
o
ts
The Council is reassuring householders
28 and
culated with your pay packets.
s
2
ovides specialist palliative
0
v
4
i
e
ta
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in
m
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.
o
n
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the safest nightclub in
ven
fo
w le o
n w
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u g the A666 to Borough Road
p
parade, contact Bob on (01254)706510
r
s
n
o
ro
i
n
v
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id
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For now staf
car
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a
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n
tr
t
a
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n
w
d
m
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e
i
f can sign up to the hospice
t
l
r
that the new licence will not lead to
ther
t
v
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e
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s
a
u
t
s
u
n
o
e
r
d
w
s
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fering fr
life thr
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lotter
om advanced
o
y with dir
eatening illnesses. It also of
u
the bor
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unning
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n
th
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u
.
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h
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e
.
v
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er 20
fi
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u r the offi cial opening at 1.30pm.
or Steve
t
,0
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e a
in
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f
a
a
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ect salar
cil
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ough with Club
Payr
y deductions.
r
h
m
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o
in
u
c
and other
on (01254) 774804.
i
ldren
corporate publications
wil
s
lu
B
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a
c
t
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e
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suppor
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j extra events taking place there.
0 v
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t to families, r
fers
l
s
e
p
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e
p
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eG
ia
c a
f will ar
d
l
t l
e a chairman John Sturgess said:
i
t
m
d
h
e
u
t
a
s
o
B
i
d
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e
i
n
e
f
e
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w
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r
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e
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e
n
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c
a
t
r
i
e
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v
’
a
.”
range for deductions to
S
be made each month and you could be in
t
elatives and car
The hospice pr
ra
is held ever Club
Y
r
O
n
v
t
e
.
ers.
with a chance of winning one of 18
ovides suppor
t
Fion
in the W
o
e
r 6
e
l
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w
B
it
r
h
e
w
th
F
0
i
e
e
n
b
a
a
l y
n
,
ds
“We hope the people of Darwen and
H
r
o
w
y
d
The Council has seven strategic
e
a
T
r
M
opicana
u
n
il
H
d
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t
o
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f
A
o
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ur
n
u
t for the
350,000 population within Blackbur
g
c
y Satur
n
a
a
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Style guide for
The Shuttle and other corporate publications
01
Introduction
Please remember, this guide may be
comprehensive but it’s not exhaustive. Language
A style guide is a vital part of any council’s
is constantly changing, so make sure you have a
PR strategy.
dictionary and a thesaurus handy at al times!
It outlines the Council’s corporate style for written
information and provides structure, consistency
Abbreviations
and focus as wel as reducing the chance of error.
When writing abbreviations you should omit al full
To be effective, it must be used regularly and wel .
stops eg NHS.
As wel as being a vital tool of the job and an
When an abbreviation can be spoken as a word, it
important reference book, it should also serve
should be written as a word eg Unison.
as part of the introduction to the Council for new
communications staff.
If the organisation is wel known, then use the
initials throughout the story eg BBC, RAF.
General dos and don’ts
When writing about the Council itself, never use
BwDBC. We use the name in ful ; Blackburn with
When writing for The Shuttle, Neighbourhood
Darwen Borough Council or simply the Council.
News or any Council publication, the proper use of
grammar is absolutely vital.
Other abbreviations should be written in ful the
first time, with the shortened version after in
The only significant “bending” of the rules comes
brackets. For example: “The Government Office
when starting sentences with words like “and”, “for”
North West (GONW) announced a major new
and “but”. At primary school, your teacher may
initiative today.” Thereafter use the shortened
have taught you not to do this. But writing for the
version in the story.
general public means that we can “bend” the rules
to make writing more lively. However, be careful not
Other variations include shortened versions of the
to overdo it.
ful name eg “training corps” instead of “Air Training
Corps,” but these should always be used ONLY
When writing stories you must also be aware your
after the name has appeared in ful , and then with
piece is fighting for attention on the page, and
smal letters and not caps.
the paper is fighting its corner in an increasingly
crowded market.
Watch out for plurals of abbreviations like MPs.
NEVER write MP’s except when it is a possessive
There are many other papers, both local and
singular eg “The MP’s decision rebounded on him”.
national, magazines, radio, TV, cable and satel ite,
al vying for the attention of people in Blackburn
Abbreviations of weights and measures should take
with Darwen.
the singular form e.g. 40lb, 20mm, 2in, 10ft.
So your stories must be wel written, with an eye
Mil ion is abbreviated to m, eg, £6m; bil ion to bn,
for detail and an awareness that you need to grab
eg £7bn
the attention of the reader as soon as possible
when you write a story.
General y speaking, you should use numbers when
writing al the above, whether above or below 10,
This style guide can’t turn you in to a bril iant writer
but avoid using them if they spoil the flow of your
in itself, but it can give you al the information you
story eg “the special offer is for petrol purchases of
need to write wel and in style for ‘The Shuttle’ and
five gal ons or more.”
other Council publications.
Most metric terms should be written out in ful eg
It is written principal y for staff in communications
25 metres, 20 metres, 2 litres. The only exception
and marketing and other staff in the Council who
to this is where the shortened version is familiar eg
communicate directly with the public. This style
35mm film.
guide should also be used by anyone preparing
information for publication such as the best
Ages
value performance plan, guides to the borough
and any public documents or leaflets which are
Spel out ages up to nine and then use figures.
professional y designed.
Brackets should not be put round ages, and
general y should be used as little as possible.
If you use a design company regularly, please
ensure they have a copy of this guide.
Apostrophes
It has also been posted on our intranet site so it
Apostrophes are the source of many mistakes in
can be used by other members of staff.
many newspapers, but not ours!
02
Blackburn with Darwen Borough Council
When referring to the 1960s, it is 60s, not 60’s.
Italics
Likewise CDs not CD’s.
General y try to avoid italics as, again according to
Contracted words can also cause problems.
the RNIB and ALBSU (above), they make it harder
for people to read. However, house style uses italics
Its is possessive, it’s is short for it is. Whose is
for names of publications eg The Shuttle. This helps
belonging to, who’s is short for who is.
us avoid using too many quotation marks and also
There are many other examples of poor use of the
helps the title stand out. Can also be used for
apostrophe like survey’s, pizza’s and bean’s (al of
strategies which are published documents.
these are genuine mistakes). So watch out and
think before you write!
Jargon
Body text
“Long-winded” writing is a sign of laziness. Over use
of jargon and “management speak” wil disguise
To give the correct corporate feel to al publications
rather than communicate information. Anyone who
the body copy or text should be in the Franklin
writes: “due to the fact that,” instead of “since,” or
Gothic book font (or typeface). Headlines or titles
“because,” is not putting the needs of their readers
may be in different fonts to al ow creativity. The
first. Likewise “use” is better than “utilise.” There are
Council has a “suite” of service information leaflets.
many more examples, so think about who you are
Al of these have a common corporate style based
writing for and keep it as simple as possible. See the
on this guide. See the technical information section
sections on plain language and the plain language
at the end of this booklet.
dictionary on page 13 of this guide.
Bullet points
Names, titles, dates and numbers
Keep bul et points short and to the point. If the
Official bodies/departments: Blackburn with
bul ets flow on from a sentence then you do not
Darwen Borough Council, the Council - but the
need a capital at the start of each bul et or a full
social services department.
stop at the end of each. There must, however, be a
ful stop at the end of the last bul et.
Note also that unless a Council committee is
preceded by the name of the council eg Blackburn
Capitalisation
with Darwen Council Planning Committee it is
lower case, eg the planning committee. Note that
Capitals can be dreadful y over-used. In a non-
Executive Board and Council Forum always take
council newspaper, most titles, committee names
caps.
and so on would be written without capitals in their
shortened forms to make for cleaner and easier to
Titles of Council officials wil be not be capped, eg
read copy. We aim to fol ow this example, which is
Joe Bloggs, chief executive, unless on a business
also backed up by research from the Royal National
card, sign or in an advert.
Institute for the Blind (RNIB) and the Adult Literacy
Council or is capped up as shown when
Basic Skil s Unit (ALBSU). Exceptions are Council
immediately fol owed by the name of the elected
(when referring to our Council), Executive Board,
representative eg Council or Mohammad Khan.
Council Forum or the Local Strategic Partnership.
Future uses of the word without a name, ie “said
When written in copy (ie within a sentence) job
the council or” would be lower case.
titles are not capped, nor are departments or
services. In adverts, signage or on business cards
Political parties: Should be written with caps eg
job titles and department names may take initial
Conservative Party, (Con); Labour Party, (Lab); Liberal
capitals. Do not overdo this on long job titles,
Democrat Party, (Lib Dem). Independent members
department or team names.
should be referred to as Independent (Ind).
Clichés
Faith groups, churches and religions: Islam,
Church of England, Roman Catholic Church, Baptist
Avoid clichés they only make your writing sound
Church and so on. Thereafter in stories references to
tired.
“the church” or “the mosque” should be l/c.
Headlines
Caps are required for Christianity, Islam, Buddhism
etc and for their fol owers and adjectives eg
These should be written downstyle or sentence
Christians, Muslims, Buddhists.
case ie capitals only for first word or where
grammar demands a capital.
Titles and ranks: Caps should be used only when
the title appears before the name and is an integral
part eg Superintendent Jones, Council or Bloggs.
Style guide for
The Shuttle and other corporate publications
03
Further mentions should be lower case (l/c), the
The second thing would be to celebrate!
council or, the superintendent, and so on. Cl r is
acceptable in captions to keep them tight.
Anniversaries from one to nine should be spelt out
but after that use figures eg 20th anniversary.
The Mayor and Mayoress should be referred to as
The Mayor, Council or Joe Bloggs and Mayoress,
Remember 25 is silver, 40 is ruby, 50 is gold
Mrs Josephine Bloggs. Subsequent references are
and 60 is diamond. There is no such thing as a
to the mayor and mayoress. Please always check
golden wedding anniversary or a silver wedding
the name of the mayor as it changes annual y.
anniversary. It is a silver wedding or a golden
wedding and is I/c.
The leader of the Council should be referred to
as council leader, Council or Freda Bloggs and
Punctuation
Council or Bloggs on subsequent references.
The Queen always takes a capital. Her ful title is
Use open punctuation eg Dr, Mr, Mrs, Ms, Miss,
Her Majesty the Queen. Certain other royals, like
rather than Dr., Mrs., Mr., but note that where the
the Prince Charles and Prince Wil iam also take
last letter in the abbreviation isn’t the last letter of
the latter form, which can be abbreviated to HRH.
the ful word, a ful stop should be used, eg Rev.,
It is acceptable to refer to them subsequently as
for Reverend.
“the prince”. Any post not used as an integral part
If listing honours or degrees for example, you will
of the name is also l/c eg “the chairman”, “the
stil need commas between sets of letters, eg: BA,
managing director”.
PhD.
For Church of England vicars at first mention it’s
Colon: This is to be used when introducing a
the Rev. Bloggs, thereafter Mr Bloggs
quote. He said: “I agree with the statement from
Note the ful stop after Rev. This appears in
the executive member.” But for a quote within a
any abbreviation where the last letter is not the
quote, use a comma eg He said: “Roger Bloggs
last letter of the complete word. So it’s Rev. for
announced, ‘I agree with the statement from the
Reverend but Dr for Doctor.
Executive Member’.”
See also the section on official bodies/
Semi-colon: Use them sparingly. They are helpful
departments
in lists that include commas eg “The results for the
school test are as fol ows: Martin Davis and Derek
Names: Avoid using Mr and Mrs, except in direct
Smith, junior class, 3 points; Debbie Bloggs, senior
quotes. Always supply a first name rather than an
class, 6 points;” and so on.
initial.
Commas: They should guide readers through a
Dates: When mentioning a date retrospectively
sentence, separating independent clauses joined
say ‘April 15, 1995’, but it’s April 1995 (no
with a conjunction: “The actor is aiming for the top,
commas) when the number is dropped. When
and bottom of his list of priorities is being choosy
citing periods, use minimum figures: 1909-14,
about what part he gets.”
1925-33, 1939-45. Do not write: “He reigned
between 1926-35.” Make it “during 1926-35”.
Without the comma “and bottom” would be read
The apostrophe in titles such as “Expo ‘02” is old
wrongly with “for the top.”
fashioned. NEVER include the year when writing
But although conjunctions like “and”, “but” and
dates in contemporary copy. If your reader doesn’t
“so” can link two independent clauses with a
know what year it is, then we have a real problem!
comma, conjunctive adverbs such as “however”,
“moreover” and “hence” can do so only with a
Numerals: Use words for numbers one to nine.
semi-colon eg ‘The plane was only a few hundred
Exceptions to this rule are temperatures, dates,
feet from the ground; however the passengers
times, scores, votes, percentages, weights and
were not alarmed’.
measures. For mil ions and bil ions you should
write 5m or 5bn. Remember 1,000m = 1bn.
Dots and dashes: Sometimes justified, but often
For figures in excess of 1,000, include a comma
misused. Dots (also known as el ipses or leaders)
between the thousands and hundreds.
should denote missing words, as in a sentence that
tails off, or a phrase omitted from a quote. Dashes
Percentages should be written 3%, 22% and so
can be used to isolate clauses - like this - or to
on. Remember “per cent” when written out is
indicate a grammatical pause, but commas do the
two words. However, be careful not to include
job more efficiently. For el ipses use a maximum
percentages when a figure wil mean more to the
of three dots…with no space after the word and
reader. After al , the first thing you would do if you
before the dots as shown.
got a 10% pay rise would be get the calculator out
and work out what it meant to you in hard cash.
04
Blackburn with Darwen Borough Council
Hyphen: A comprehensive guide is impossible but
In the last two examples the ful stop comes after
in general, try not to use a hyphen if this is more
the quotation marks, which are single, because the
familiar. It is much neater. Avoid, however, letter
quote is a fragment, it is incomplete, because it
clashes eg redeye but blue-eyed.
starts in mid-sentence.
Do not hyphenate words with the prefix re except
Even in example three, when there is a complete
to avoid a clashing ‘e’ (re-elect) or a visual snare
sentence after the first part, how the quote begins
(re-ignite), or to distinguish two meanings (reform,
is the important part.
re-form).
The same logic applies to...
Quotation marks: General y double; but single for
quotes within quotes, reported speech, headlines,
She whispered: “What’s wrong?”
captions, book/film/play titles.
Did I hear her ask: ‘What’s wrong’?
Often there is confusion over quoted matter, so
When the question applies to the whole passage,
let’s clear a few points up...
not just the quoted words the question mark
Joe Bloggs said: “I understand it al now.”
comes outside single quotation marks.
Joe Bloggs said he ‘understands it al now’.
Remember the guidance about italicising titles of
Council publications.
Joe Bloggs said he ‘understands it al now. It
wasn’t very clear before’.
Other important points
Story captions are special stories, which are written to
Story lengths - for The Shuttle and
go underneath a picture. They would contain just the
Neighbourhood News
basic details to outline what is happening and would
run to no more than 80 words, usual y much less.
Shorts or news in brief (nibs) are what they say they
are. Keep the details to the bare minimum, writing
Story lengths for Neighbourhood News newsletters
no more than 30-80 words in one nib. A short would
should fol ow the basic guidelines in the sample
be the notification of an upcoming event for example.
template, available in the communications and
When writing/sending several shorts at once it is fine
marketing team. General y: page lead 170-200
and sensible to put them al on one file to send to the
words, second lead/third stories 120 - 170 words,
designer.
nibs and fil ers 30 - 80 words.
Middles (or page tops) are, by definition, longer,
Pictures
and should be in the region of 60-160 words.
Pictures are taken al the time by photographers,
These are stories of some importance but not
booked by the communications and marketing
significant enough to justify lead status. Anything
team and other departments, at media cal s and
above 160 words should be a lead.
special events. However there may often be a story
for The Shuttle which wil require a special photo
A lead wil be 250 words ideal y, rising to a
session to be organised.
maximum of 300 in exceptional cases. There are
two types of lead – a main lead and a second lead.
Always speak to the communications and
Main leads are the principal story on the page and
marketing team before booking a photographer to
second leads are often the same length but not
ensure resources are being channel ed properly.
quite important enough to justify main lead status.
Someone else may also have booked it so
Most pages wil have at least one lead and one
checking wil avoid double booking.
second lead.
Also, be certain that if a time is given to you by
Features should have a main piece of around
someone for a job it is the time they wil actual y be
400 words and, where appropriate, two or three
ready for the picture to be taken. This saves time
“satel ite” pieces (or sidebars) of around 100-150
and possibly money, should a photographer have to
words to help break up the editorial into readable
wait for any significant period.
chunks.
When you get the go-ahead for a specific picture
to be taken it should be booked as far in advance
of the next deadline as possible and the details
entered into The Shuttle diary.
Style guide for
The Shuttle and other corporate publications
05
Also always find out a contact name and number
n If the picture is about a campaign you may wish
as the job may have to be rearranged.
to include a campaign poster in the background
to your picture. If not - a clean background
NEVER promise a picture. Al kinds of things could
(preferably pale) makes the photograph easier
happen at the last moment to stop us taking
to use.
the pic. Final y, use your common sense. If a
job sounds unsuitable for a picture explore the
n Make sure you know who is on the picture and
possibility of doing a story instead.
their names which (correctly spel ed) should be
supplied with the photograph.
Councillor pictures
n If taking a portrait shot (otherwise known as
Council ors, particularly executive members and
a head and shoulders or mugshot) please
the current mayor, often feature in photographs.
move in closer to the subject than you think -
However, this can date the photograph and
general y almost as close as if you were having
therefore give it a short shelf-life. For example
a conversation with them.
a picture taken of the mayor in April may well
be out of date in May when a new mayor takes
n Don’t shoot into the light
office. The event, however, may be useful to
photograph and use as file pics later in the year.
n Remember about photo consent forms -
To make photographs last longer, take shots of the
especial y for children (see next section).
council or with, for example, the schoolchildren
Photograph consent forms
but also take photos of the children without the
council or. These can be used at a later date.
Corporate PR and communications have a standard
See guidance about photo consent forms a copy
consent form, which you should always use when
of which is printed in the Corporate guidelines
organising photocal s, but especial y when children
booklet, and available electronical y from the
are involved. Please ensure that you complete
communications and marketing team.
the form and keep a record of which permissions
have been obtained. The photo consent form has
Too many photographs of council ors in The Shuttle
been emailed to al communications and marketing
is inappropriate. Please ensure that the leader, for
officers. A sample is contained in this pack, in
example, does not appear on most photos in the
the Corporate guidelines booklet and is available
newspaper.
electronical y from the communications and
marketing team.
Picture advice
Sometimes individuals who are not professional
Photo library
photographers take photographs to use in The
The communications and marketing team is
Shuttle.
building up a photo library. If you have any
The fol owing is basic guidance on the quality of
professional photographs taken for events or
image we require. For photographs appearing in The
services, please copy your photographs to the
Shuttle and other corporate printed publications,
communications officer dealing with your portfolio
we need high quality prints - at least 7” x 5”. If
to store in this library. As the library develops we
using a digital camera images for use in print must
aim to put it online.
be 300dpi (dpi = dots per inch - a measure of
Captions
the density of the image). This wil mean that you
get fewer images on a digital camera disc, but the
When writing captions for the The Shuttle, start
quality of image is important.
them with two witty or snappy words fol owed by a
colon. Get straight into the details and make the
If you wish images to appear on posters then
whole thing as brief as possible.
contact the communications and marketing team
for guidance.
Always include names, if appropriate.
n When posing photographs, please ensure
Note: Our captions do not have a ful stop on the
that the main subjects of the photograph are
end.
grouped close together to draw the eye into the
centre of the picture and al ow the chance to
If a story has a picture, make sure you include the
crop if necessary.
caption at the end with the right instructions.
n Make sure that there are no rogue objects
When writing several captions relating to the one
in the picture such as coffee cups or plants
story, a picture spread for example, put them al on
growing out of people’s ears.
one file and identify which caption goes with which
picture.
06
Blackburn with Darwen Borough Council
Contact details
Spelling
Contact details should be included at the end of
Use the spel checking facility on your computer
each story where relevant. These should be the
after writing a story. Then re-read your story to
phone number and email address of the officer
ensure it is correct, accurate and you haven’t
responsible for the initiative (not the writer of the
missed any important points. And remember
story). Phone numbers should be written thus:
there’s always a dictionary! Never ful y trust spell
(01254) 585480.
check - particularly if it is an American version.
Complaints
Structure and tone
If a reader phones with a complaint about a story
Does your copy flow properly? Check your story
discuss it with the communications and marketing
after you’ve written it. Double-check for slang,
manager or the director of communications. If the
‘council-ese’, verbosity etc. Ask yourself, wil it
complaint has foundation and, after discussion,
make sense to a reader unfamiliar with the detail of
we decide to carry a correction, the writer doing
our organisation?
the correction should always clearly mark the
piece as a correction before sending it, along
Schedule
with the word MUST.
As we produce The Shuttle ten times a year, be
Corrections in The Shuttle general y go at the
careful how you approach stories. You could be
bottom of the Fact and fiction column on page 2.
writing a story on deadline day about an event
taking place two weeks hence, but it stil might
Layout
not have reached everyone in time to inform them
because of our delivery schedule.
When proof reading always check for “widows” and
“orphans” eg where one word goes onto the next
It could even be over and done with by the time the
column or where a single word fil s a column width
paper comes out. So you would either have to refer
on its own. These should be avoided.
to it in the past tense or not at al .
Letters
You can also use dates for clarification as wel eg
“The event takes place on Monday, October 9.”
In time, we may launch a letters page in The
NEVER include the year in your copy.
Shuttle. If we are publishing a letter, only go ahead
if the ful name and address has been submitted.
Trade marks
Obituaries
Trade marks are registered under the Trade Marks
Act. A trademark is infringed if you use a sign or
If you have the sad task of writing an obituary,
symbol which is:
ensure it is accurate and wel -researched. Don’t
assume details you have been given must be
n identical with, or similar to, the trade mark and
right. Always check and double-check. Remember
n is used in relation to goods or services which
these pieces are often cut out by relatives to keep
are not similar to those for which the trade
forever. If there is a mistake, they wil always carry
mark is registered
that mistake around as wel . Note also that people
die they do not “pass away.”
if the trade mark has a reputation in the United
Kingdom and the use of the mark, without
Readability
due cause, takes unfair advantage of - or is
Pay attention to sentence length, keeping clauses
detrimental to - the distinctive character or the
to one or two per sentence. For normal writing, for
repute of the trade mark.
a person of average intel igence, sentences should
This means that if the Council uses the trade mark
be kept to around 20-25 words or around three
of another organisation in any publicity without
lines. However, a series of very short sentences
permission, we are in danger of infringing the Trade
wil read like a children’s story and wil appear
Marks Act.
patronising. Strike a balance.
If the use of the trade mark is detrimental to the
If you are writing for the public, remember the
company which owns it then we would almost
three-minute rule. If anything takes longer than
certainly be infringing the act.
three minutes to read, the reader’s attention will
flag unless they have a particular interest in the
The company could take legal action to seek
subject.
damages or an injunction. The Council is also
Style guide for
The Shuttle and other corporate publications
07
an enforcement agency for certain trade mark
Try and keep away from “his/her or s/he” as
infringements so there would also be considerable
these are ugly and interfere with smooth reading.
embarrassment if we were to be in breach of the
Instead, where necessary use “he or she,”
act.
alternatively, you could use “they,” even if this is
not strictly grammatical y accurate. As long as it
Remember also that a trade mark is not only a sign
sounds right in the context then use it.
or symbol, it can also be a word such as “Hoover,”
“Biro,” “Portacabin” etc. It could also be a design,
Underlining
such as distinctive fabric or logo.
This is usual y unnecessary and clutters the page,
Unbiased writing
making it harder for people to read. Instead use
bold or a larger print size to emphasise the words.
Biased writing can be defined as:
“Remarks about a person, for example their race,
Vox pops
sex, sexuality, religion, age, mentality or physical
A vox pop is a series of short interviews with the
appearance, that are not relevant or which demean
public on a single issue. When writing vox pops,
or classify that person unnecessarily.”
make sure each comment is the same length
We want to show the Council as a forward-looking
(about 50 words max), as they often go under each
and social y-inclusive organisation which respects
picture and if they are al different lengths this can
the dignity and sensitivities of al groups. We also
make for a messy layout.
have an equal opportunities policy and would not
The person being interviewed may, however,
wish to infringe the letter or spirit of this by careless
request their address or age is withheld, in which
language.
case we would respect that, but the name of the
interviewee should always appear.
08
Blackburn with Darwen Borough Council
Electronic and multi media communications
This guidance should be read in conjunction
means queries can be answered quickly, making us
with the rest of this Style Guide which gives
al more efficient.
detailed information about best practice in
communications. This section deals with
Email addresses
the specifics of electronic and multi media
Email addresses should be short and memorable.
communications.
Wherever possible they should not contain
hyphens, ampersands (&) or whole department
DVDs, videos and
titles. Except in exceptional circumstances, only
generic email addresses may be used online and in
other multi media products
printed publications. The IT helpdesk is responsible
Multi media products can be an effective way to
for setting up new email addresses.
convey a message to a particular target audience.
They are also one of the most expensive and are
Writing emails
not effective for every campaign. Please contact
Al emails should conform to the Council’s Style
the communications and marketing team if you
Guide, particularly those being sent outside the
are thinking of commissioning any multi media
organisation.
promotional or information-giving products. Not
only can we provide you with advice and guidance,
Unlike printed formats, al e-correspondence
we could also save you money.
should use a web safe font, particularly if it is
likely to be read online rather than printed out.
Al multi media products that are commissioned
Web safe fonts are more accessible for al types
by the Council should adhere to the Council’s
of web users and have been tested as being the
Style Guide and identity guidelines contained
most effective to use for al sizes. The Council’s
in this booklet and need to be cleared by the
web font is Arial and should apply to both body text
communications and marketing team before use.
and attachments, unless the attachment is likely
to be printed off, in which case the corporate font,
Email
Franklin Gothic should be used.
General
Signing off
Email should not be treated differently to any other
You should include basic contact details at the
form of communication and should conform to the
bottom of every email you send. This should be in
same guidelines. A poorly worded or poorly spelt
Arial 10 point. They should be set out as fol ows:
email speaks volumes about the organisation - not
Kate Bailey
to mention the person sending it.
Multi media communications officer/web editor,
If you own a generic email box for your service
Communications and marketing,
area, please make sure that it is checked daily
Third floor, Town Hal ,
and responses sent promptly. We should aim to
Blackburn,
respond to al email inquiries within one working
BB1 7DY
day. Where a query is complex and likely to
(01254) 585777
take longer than this, you should let the person
[email address]
concerned know, giving them an indication of time
www.blackburn.gov.uk
scale where possible.
Email policy
Al generic email addresses should be set up with
an out of office response that thanks the mailer for
The Council’s email policy can be found on the
their inquiry and lets them know that their query is
intranet and is designed to ensure that data
being dealt with. At least one other person should
sent by email is processed in line with the
have access to your generic inbox so that they can
requirements set out in the Data Protection Act.
answer queries in your absence.
It also gives guidance on the acceptable use of
email. Copies of the policy can also be requested
For personal emails, please make sure you switch
from the customer services department on
your out of office function on when you are away
(01254) 585761.
from your desk for more than a couple of hours.
Not only does this improve communication, it also
Global emails should usual y be avoided - see the
section in the Corporate guidelines booklet with
this toolkit.
Style guide for
The Shuttle and other corporate publications
09
Internet / web site
In general, audiences do not like:
The web site is not simply an information tool. It
n flashing images or scrol ing text
is increasingly becoming used as a self service
n slow to download images or pages
mechanism where people pay their council tax
bil s, parking fines, renew their library books and
n promotional hype – pop ups, for example
get their bins emptied online, for example. This
lengthy pages
gives people greater control over the services they
n lots of links either in text, or associated with it
receive and the web site can be directly linked to
n use of italicised text for emphasis.
the Council’s back office systems so that people
are carrying out transactions themselves, saving us
How to write well for the web
money in the process.
Structure
Editorial control of the web site lies with the
communications and marketing team, however,
n You should structure your pages to provide
each department has a number of web authors
relevant information in the most concise and
who can submit content to the site that is
easy to read form possible.
then checked before being made live. The
n Limit your content to a single page where you
communications and marketing team holds a list of
can. No single page should be more than two
al current web authors and wil be able to advise
page lengths – people do not want to scroll
you who is the best person to contact in your
excessively. If it’s going beyond this, you should
department.
careful y consider if you could do more to cut
it down. Take advice from the Council’s web
If you need day to day access to the content
editor if you need help.
management system (CMS), you may consider
becoming a web author yourself. Access to
n If, after chopping out what’s unnecessary, there
the CMS is restricted on the basis of need and
is stil a lot of information, consider breaking
authors may only be added or deleted by the
this up into different pages by using the page
communications and marketing team. If you feel
break mechanism, or even different sections on
that there is a strong need for you to have access,
the site, with links to the original.
please contact us on (01254) 585777. It is
n Use a simple heading and title. These should
mandatory for al authors to attend an editorial and
both describe exactly what the page is about.
a technical training programme.
Again, think about your audience “Get your bins
emptied” is better than “Refuse col ection”.
Adding content to the web site
n White space is valuable! It makes pages look
The CMS is designed so that information can only
attractive and helps users to easily read the
be added in a certain way. This is to ensure that
pages and find what they are looking for quickly.
we maintain consistent branding and accessibility
Make sure there is white space between each
across the entire site.
paragraph.
Although most authors wil only ever need to cut
n Use indented bul et points for lists. Again, this
and paste material into a pre-designed template, it
creates white space and makes the page more
is possible to make slight changes to this template
attractive to read.
where necessary, for example, where maps or text
n Within the CMS you wil also be asked for a
need to run across two column widths. If you would
description. A simple sentence such as “Find
like to do this, please contact the communications
out how to get your bins emptied” is ideal.
and marketing team.
Make sure it is relevant and that you have spelt
it correctly. The description can be seen on the
Writing for the web
web pages, so never add any content that is
Writing for the web is a skil . You should not
likely to offend.
approach it in the same way as you approach
n You should try to get as many of your key words
writing for other publications.
as possible into the first paragraph of your text.
This is because people don’t read web pages in the
They help people to search for information
same way that they read leaflets, newspapers or
quickly and easily.
reports. Research indicates that the majority scan
n Key words should also be inserted into the
pages, looking for key words and sub headings.
metadata field of the CMS. These do not
People do not want to read lengthy documents
appear to the reader, but are vital as they al ow
online.
people to find what they are looking for quickly
by using the search function, or an external
search engine.
10
Blackburn with Darwen Borough Council
You should enter al the words and phrases that
Pages with excessive jargon wil be removed and
someone might look for when searching for your
sent back to the author for re-working. You should
document, separated by a comma.
also ensure that people are able to navigate to your
n Use an “inverted pyramid”
pages in at least three different ways (e.g. by using
search, by using the left hand navigation and by
Very few people read web pages. Most simply
using links from the A to Z).
scan them to find what they want. You need to
tel users that they are in the right place straight
Reviewing content
away – for this, we use an inverted pyramid.
Always read what you have written back to yourself:
Summary with as many
n Does it sound right?
key words as possible
n Does it tel me immediately what I am looking
Next most important
for?
information
n Can I scan it easily?
Less vital
n Is it interesting?
info
n Would I come back again?
If you are not sure, check!
This means that instead of introducing your
n Ask a col eague (better if it’s someone outside
subject, you put a summary of your page content
your team so that they can check for jargon)
at the top. This should contain key words on your
n Use the readability check in Microsoft Word.
subject, ideal y close to the start of the paragraph
It’s not perfect, but is a fair gauge of how
as this is what search engines wil pick up first.
readable your document is. Word uses two
Think about what the most important thing you
methods to give you a readability score. Word
want to say and put it at the very top. People
uses two methods to give you a readability
skimming the page wil then be able to get the key
score. Aim for a score of approximately
information quickly.
60 to 70 on the reading ease score and
approximately 7.0 to 8.0 on the Flesch-Kincaid
Plain language and accessibility
grade level score. Word also tel s you the
It is important that al the Council’s web pages are
percentage of your sentences that are passive.
accessible to everyone. They must be written in
If 25% or more of your sentences are passive,
plain English and easy to navigate. Not only is this
you should try to reduce this to 10% or less.
sensible from a business point of view, it is also
Branding – getting our corporate style right!
necessary under the Disability Discrimination Act,
where the Council must be able to show that it has
The CMS has a set format for most pages that
made “reasonable adjustments” to meet the needs
cannot be altered by authors. This is to ensure
of people of varying levels of ability.
consistency and to make sure that users find it
easy to navigate around the site. Please refer
Some of the people accessing our site wil have
to the Corporate identity guidelines in this toolkit
visual, auditory, cognitive or motor disabilities. For
for further advice about branding. It is essential
this reason, we provide screen reading software
that this is fol owed online and in al printed
(cal ed Browsealoud) and people can also increase
publications.
or decrease the font size to improve readability.
We check our website against Web Content
Microsites...
Accessibility Guidelines produced by the World
Wide Web Consortium and take advice from the
Microsites should not be commissioned without
RNIB’s web access centre. We also adhere to
first seeking advice from the web editor and
current technical standards.
the Client ICT team. This is because they sit
outside the CMS and can be difficult to maintain
More information about accessibility and usability
and expensive to update. There may also be
can be obtained from the communications and
issues with accessibility and data protection.
marketing team. In general, please ensure you
The communications and marketing team does
write in plain, concise language. Advice on plain
not have editorial control over microsites, but
language and a plain language dictionary starts on
those that have not been authorised by both the
page 14 of this booklet.
communications and marketing team and Client
ICT wil be removed. Sites not meeting corporate
standards wil also be taken down and sent back to
the owner for revision.
Style guide for
The Shuttle and other corporate publications
11
...and leaflets
lift images from other websites as this may be a
breach of the law. If you are unsure, contact the
If you are producing leaflets or booklets, in most
communications and marketing team for advice
cases it is not necessary to create a separate
microsite to replicate the printed version of the
n Always check with the communications and
product. People do not read leaflets online in the
marketing team before using images to il ustrate
same way that they read printed publications and
a controversial story, or when considering using
it is not acceptable to simply replicate the printed
a brand image (such as Burberry check) in an
version online. Wherever possible, development
image.
should be considered inside the CMS unless the
n You must only save images to the CMS if you
system cannot provide what you need and/or
have the permission to use them and if you
development would be too expensive. Leaflets
have written permission from anyone in the
up to around 12 pages long can be added within
actual shot. See the section on trademarks in
the CMS. Complex and statutory documents may
this Style Guide.
be added as PDFs in consultation with the web
editor, provided there is a text summary within the
n Al images must be saved with a meaningful
CMS explaining the content and relevance of the
name (e.g. town hal .jpeg is better than thal 04)
document.
n If your image is aligned left the screen
reader wil read the image before it reads the
Where the communications and marketing team
text. Please bear this in mind when adding
and Client ICT agree that a microsite can go
content and make sure the alt tag is adapted
ahead this needs to be registered as a request
accordingly.
for change with the Client ICT team before
purchasing a solution as it is critical that all
Adding tables
solutions comply with ICT standards and strategy. It
Tables are a good way of presenting complex
is essential that the look and feel of it mirrors
information in an easy to understand
the Council’s site exactly, so that users maintain
format. They can also add interest and colour to
consistency when navigating between the two
your pages. They should be used for any listings
sites. Not only does this improve accessibility, it
that run to five separate entries or more. Please
also reinforces the Council’s brand which can help
ensure that you use black text on a light tinted
to improve overal satisfaction with Council services.
background. If you are listing events, please
The communications and marketing team must
make sure that you include a brief description
sign off al microsites before they are linked to the
of the event, date, time, venue and contact
site.
details. Content must not be al owed to get out
Using pictures
of date, so please make sure you either schedule
its removal, or issue yourself with a reminder that
Pictures can enhance the look and feel of the
the information needs revising. This can be done
Council’s site and can be a useful shorthand to
under scheduled events in the CMS.
help get your message across. Pictures used on
the Council’s website should be lower resolution
Adding links
than those used for print. This is to ensure pages
Links are an easy way of leading your audience
can be uploaded quickly. In general, pictures
to other relevant information either within the
should be reduced in size before being entered
Council’s site or outside it. Although they are
as media files within the CMS. Every picture
useful, they should only be used where absolutely
is different, so there are no hard and fast rules
necessary. This is because:
here, but we should be aiming to retain a decent
online picture quality without compromising
n they can distract from the flow of text
the page loading times. Please also fol ow the
n people get easily side tracked and may use the
guidance below:
link without reading the rest of our page
n Where possible, try to use one good quality
n they look unattractive
image per page
n screen readers may not put them into context
n Make sure that every picture has a description
n maintaining links is time consuming.
as wel as a meaningful name. The description
is cal ed an “alt tag”. It is seen when the user
Links can be added either as “relations” or within
rol s the cursor over the image. For visual y
the text. Unless it is unavoidable, it is preferable
impaired users, it is what the read aloud
to add them as relations. These appear either at
software wil read
the bottom of the document, or on the right hand
navigation. Where possible, try to give links a
n Always use images that are either copyright
sensible name and not simply the URL that they
free, or that we have permission to use. Never
take people to.
12
Blackburn with Darwen Borough Council
Adding PDFs
Aliases
PDFs should not be added to the site unless they
Within the CMS it is possible to create aliases.
contain information that is too complex to upload
These are short memorable URLs that help people
as text or where there is a legal requirement to
to find your pages quickly (e.g. www.blackburn.gov.
have a copy of the printed document available
uk/jobs).
online. This is because PDFs slow the site down
and in general, pages with PDF’s added do not
The communications and marketing team is
meet accessibility criteria. They also cannot be
responsible for creating aliases, but departments
read by screen reading software.
are responsible for updating and maintaining them.
You should always check with the communications
Aliases can only be linked to pages within the CMS
and marketing team before adding PDFs.
and cannot be linked to microsites. They can be
created easily and are recommended for use on
As a general rule, leaflets and brochures with less
leaflets, in marketing campaigns etc. To create an
than 12 pages should be added as text. Those
alias, you wil need to provide the URL or document
above that size may be added as a PDF where
number that you want to link to and a suggested
appropriate. It is possible to extract text from
alias. This should be short and memorable. www.
a PDF, revise it for online use and paste it into
blackburn.gov.uk/schools is better than www.
the CMS. Please ask the communications and
blackburn.gov.uk/educationalestablishments for
marketing team for further advice. Please note
example.
that there is a 4MB limit on PDFs and those above
that size cannot be added.
Front page
Navigation
The communications and marketing team
controls the home page. Only items of corporate
The Council adheres to national guidance on
significance wil be added. General y, items on
navigation and in general, high level navigation
the home page should be those with the most
cannot be altered. Doing so affects accessibility
significance to members of the public and which
and may affect future funding available for web
readers wil want to find quickly.
development. Any changes to navigation must first
be agreed with the communications and marketing
Please send any ideas for the home page to
team. For further information about navigation
[email address]
structures, please see www.esd.org.uk
Links from the homepage wil only be added
where there is a sound business case for doing so.
Normal y this wil be based on the amount of traffic
to your pages.
Style guide for
The Shuttle and other corporate publications
13
Power point
A corporate PowerPoint template is available.
RAJAR is good indicator of how wel a station is
Where possible, this should be used for all
performing and wil give you top line audience data
PowerPoint presentations - internal and external.
for each station, including market share and the
PowerPoint has its uses but is not always the best
number of hours that people listen for. Up to date
way to do a presentation. You can often get more
information is released quarterly. You can access
audience involvement and be more memorable by
this data by looking at www.rajar.co.uk. Individual
inviting audience participation and trying something
stations receive a further hour by hour breakdown
more innovative.
and you should ask to see this before purchasing
airtime. They are not obliged to give it to you,
When using PowerPoint, don’t forget the rules in
but it can be a useful bartering tool and may well
this toolkit about plain language, using white space
give you the opportunity to negotiate a significant
and corporate branding.
discount. Before buying, you should also find out
the total survey area (TSA) for the station, so you
Radio advertising
are clear about the area that it targets.
Radio advertising is a great way to target a large
Corporately, the communications and marketing
number of listeners at once, but wil only work if
team has a rol ing discount package with the
you have targeted your audience effectively by
main commercial station in Blackburn, 107 The
buying a sufficient number of slots in the part of
Bee, which goes up to 40%. If you are planning
the day that suits your needs. In general, breakfast
to advertise with the Bee, it is essential that
and drive time are the most listened to shows on
you inform the communications and marketing
radio and although buying in these time slots is
team so that they can keep track of the Council’s
more expensive, it wil ultimately give you better
corporate spend and use this to negotiate an
value for money. Radio advertising works on the
increased discount when the agreement comes
basis of how frequently and how recently people
to be reviewed. Please also make sure that you
have heard the message. It needs to be targeted
measure the success of your advertising – there’s
effectively to ensure that you get best value for
no point spending the money if you don’t know
money. Please ask the communications and
whether it’s working!
marketing team for further advice.
Al radio adverts should be aimed at the listener
The majority of commercial radio stations, plus
and need to be cleared by the communications
the BBC al subscribe to an independent industry
and marketing team before they go on air. In
standard audience measure cal ed RAJAR.
general, they should not promote departments, just
the services or events that the Council offers.
14
Blackburn with Darwen Borough Council
Keeping it simple - a guide to plain
n Be active and lively - for example: “We
language
cannot send the document” rather than “The
document cannot be sent by us”.
The Council has a duty to communicate with al our
n Put the “doer” early in the sentence - for
citizens and we pride ourselves on having open and
example: “The committee decided” rather than
accessible communications.
“It was decided by the committee”.
Yet many of the documents we produce are written or
n Use “I”, “we”, “you” as this makes the
designed in ways which would be hard for people to
document more human and personal.
understand.
n Use clear instructions so that readers
The aim of this guide is to help Council officers
understand what they have to do…”Please fil in
communicate better with local people. The guidelines
the form and return it to us” rather than “Forms
have been produced to help you write clearly and
should be completed and returned to…”
make your writing easy to understand.
n Help the reader by using headings, lists and
Plain language is one of the most useful improvements
clear numbering.
we can make to our services. It can:
n Cut out unnecessary words and phrases - for
n stop misunderstanding and confusion
example: “To find out more, contact (01254)
xxxxxx” rather than “If you want to find out more
n reduce complaints
about this initiative then please do not hesitate
n save time and money.
to contact the gobbledygook and confusion
team at the town hal on (01254) xxxxxx.
Documents written in plain language should be:
Before you start
n wel -organised, clear and simple
First - think about who you are writing for.
n clearly laid out and designed and
Remember that tabloid newspapers aim for a
n free of jargon.
reading age of around 10 years. Your writing should
Write for your audience
be aimed at a similar level.
Plain language does not mean that everything has
n Decide what you want to say and what action
to be expressed in words of one or two syl ables.
you want your reader to take
It is about writing something which is appropriate
n Think about what the audience already knows.
to your audience - whoever that is. This guide is
Are you trying to inform them or to persuade
aimed at Council officers who:
them?
n write committee reports and letters
n Col ect al the information your reader wil need
n write marketing, information or publicity
n Think about instructions you have been given.
materials.
For example, should the report have to be on
one side of A4 only?
The plain language code
Bearing al these in mind, choose the best way of
n Use everyday English which is easy to
getting the information to your reader. This could
understand.
be by letter, leaflet, or poster. It could be a story or
n Be concise and to the point.
advert in The Shuttle or the Neighbourhood News
newsletters.
n Avoid technical terms and jargon unless they
are essential.
Unless you have a tight deadline, you should use
n Explain technical terms if they have been used.
scheduled Council publications like The Shuttle or
Neighbourhood News newsletters, rather than trying
n Use correct grammar and punctuation.
to launch your own newsletter. Remember also that
n Have an average sentence length of 15 - 20
there is a corporate style for service information
words. Sentences of over 30 words should be
leaflets. (Read the section in this toolkit for further
re-written.
information).
n Normal y contain only one idea in each
sentence.
Style guide for
The Shuttle and other corporate publications
15
Structure
Avoid waffle. Be concise - for example:
Organise your information so that if flows in a
n a large proportion
many
logical order and doesn’t confuse the reader.
n at an early date
soon
The reason for your writing should be clear to
n cal a halt
stop
the reader early on. Your first paragraph should
n was of the opinion believed
summarise the key points. Think of the story as an
inverted triangle.
n in the vicinity
near
See the plain language dictionary in this booklet for
Summary with the main
other examples.
points of the story
Use short sentences. A sentence should contain
Next most important
one idea. General y speaking sentences should be
information
15 - 20 words. Sentences of over 30 words should
be re-written
Less vital
info
A paragraph is a group of sentences which contain
a common theme. Try to keep paragraphs to two or
three sentences.
Remember that people general y haven’t been
Only use capital letters whether they are real y
seeking this information - you are making contact
needed. Use capitals for the name of a person
with them. Unless you grab their attention quickly
or a place. Also use them for the name of an
they won’t read on. Normal y, people only spend
organisation where you are writing the name of the
two to three minutes reading something unless
organisation in ful . Overuse of capitals can make
they actively want the information.
your writing difficult to read. Names of council
departments or teams or job titles never take capital
Use headings to break up the text and add interest
letters when written as part of sentences.
if a section contains a lot of information
Never assume the gender of you reader. Use “they”
Use lists - or bul et points - to help you present
or include both genders.
complex information.
Checking
Style
Always check your writing to see if it makes sense
Remember who you are writing for. Use language
and meets your aims and the needs of readers. It’s
your readers wil understand. Always write for the
a good idea to read your writing aloud to make sure
least knowledgeable person in your audience.
it sounds like everyday speech. It also helps you
Write to your reader as an individual (imagine
spot sentences which are too long.
that you are talking to your reader in person). Use
Check for spel ing mistakes. Never trust spell
“you” instead of “the applicant”. Avoid “waffle”
checker - although it’s useful to highlight some
such as: “I wil arrange a meeting between myself
errors it is never completely reliable.
and yourself” . Instead say: ”We can arrange a
meeting” or “I wil meet you”.
Make sure telephone numbers or figures in your
writing are correct. Phone numbers are written
Don’t use a long or difficult word where a shorter
(01254) 585480 (with brackets around the code).
one wil do. For example:
n utilise
use
If possible, test your writing on intended readers or
other people in the office.
n endeavour
try
Re-read and revise your writing until you are sure it
n purchase
buy
wil be understood.
n with regard to
about
Be wary of “cutting and pasting” from other
n remittance
payment
documents. This is often how errors creep in.
n dwel ing
home or house
Always double check information.
Do not use jargon. If you have to use a technical
term then explain it. See the plain language
dictionary overleaf.
16
Blackburn with Darwen Borough Council
Meaningless phrases
Working in councils means that we have probably
people feel that their council offers them a better
spent years listening to certain phrases which
service if that council communicates wel . Writing
become normal to us but which are meaningless to
and design has a vital part to play in how people
other people. Avoid using phrases in the list below.
view the Council.
They are patronising, old fashioned, annoy readers
and give a poor impression of the writer.
Detailed guidelines about the Council’s corporate
style are in this toolkit. Al Council publications
Avoid
Use instead
must be clearly branded and fol ow the Council’s
corporate style.
I am in receipt of
I received
Here is a simple checklist for the most basic design
In addition to the above
as well as
rules:
Contact the undersigned
contact me
n Council documents printed for the public should
With respect to
be in the Franklin family of fonts.
/in relation to/regarding
about
n Word-processed documents may be in Arial if
Franklin is not available on your PC.
There are scores of such phrases and it would
be impossible to list them al . As a rule of thumb,
n Do not use capitals for whole words or
think “Would I speak to my family like this?” If the
sentences. Do not underline. Instead try bold
answer is no then don’t write like this. See the
text or larger type sizes.
plain language dictionary overleaf.
n Use a justified left-hand margin.
n Use unjustified right-hand margins.
Tautology
n Apart from headings in certain documents, do
Another form of meaningless words. It’s using two
not centre text.
(or more) words where one wil do. Some examples
of where you should only use one of the words are
n Do not use glossy or semi-transparent paper.
given below:
n Use white or very pale paper with black or dark
inks.
n free gift
n Avoid using white writing on a dark background.
n new innovation
n If you use more then one colour, make sure the
n past history
contrast between them is good.
n vast majority
n Do not over use colour or design.
n repeated again
n Do not print text over designs, photographs or
n at this moment in time
il ustrations.
n brief moment
Most designers wil already know these basic rules
n prior experience
and those most frequently used by the Council will
have had copies of the Communications toolkit.
n added bonus
Designers have been told that they must fol ow
n revert back
these guidelines. However, sometimes they let
their creativity run away with them and design
n future prospects/plans
publications which look fantastic but do not meet
n join together
our standards for accessibility. This is why all
Again there are many more… try to avoid them.
documents printed for the general public must
See the plain language dictionary on the facing
be cleared by the communications and marketing
page.
team before going to print. You must build in time
to al ow us to do this.
Design
For further information, contact the
The design of your document is important and
communications and marketing team.
can make the difference whether people will
pick it up and start reading in the first place.
See also the section on commissioning art, design
Documents which are badly designed with too
and print in the corporate guidelines section of this
much information crammed into too smal a space
toolkit.
are rarely read. Research has also shown that local
Designers should note the section on house style,
see page 28 and fol owing in this booklet.
Style guide for
The Shuttle and other corporate publications
17
Plain language dictionary
approximate
about, roughly, say
ascertain
find out
Words to avoid
assist, assistance
help
or use less often
Some alternatives
at an early date
soon
A
attempt
try
able to
can
attend
come to, go to
absence of
no, none
authorise
al ow, let, may
accede to
grant, al ow, agree
authority
right, power
accommodate
try to help, reflect, fit
B
accommodation
where you live, home
backdate
from
accompanying
with
balance outstanding
amount owed
accomplish
do
behalf – on behalf of
for
in accordance with
because, agrees, fol ows
belated
late
accordingly
so
beneficial
helpful, useful
according to our records
our records show
C
accurate
correct, right
calculate
work out, decide
achieve
do
case – in case of
if
acknowledge
thank you
cease
finish, stop, end
acquaint yourself
find out
Christian name
first name
acquire
buy, get
actioned
done, carried out
claimant
person claiming, or you (if the
letter is to the claimant)
additional
extra, more
clarification
explanation
adequate
enough
adjacent
next to
combined income
total of your and your partner’s
income
adjustments
changes
commence
start, begin
administer
manage
commensurate
equal to
admissible
al owed
compared with
than
admitted to …hospital
went into … hospital
competent
able
advance – in advance of
early, early payment
complete
fil in
advantageous
useful, helpful
comply
keep to, fol ow
advise
tel
component
part
affected
changed
comprise
form, make up
a large number of
many, most
compulsory
must
albeit
even if
conceal
hide
aligned
lined up, in line
concerning
about, on
al eviate
ease, reduce
conclusion
end
al ocate
give, divide, share
concur
agree
al owable expense
expense we al ow
condition
rule
alter
change
in conjunction with
with, and
alternative
choice, other
in connection with
about
alternatively
or
as a consequence of
because
annually, on an annual
consecutive days
days in a row
basis
yearly, each year
consent
agree to
anticipate
expect
in consequence
because of
apparent
clear, plain, obvious
consequently
so
applicant, the
you
consider
think, believe
appreciable
large, great
consists of
made up of
apprise
inform, tel
constitute
make up, form
appropriate
proper, right, suitable
construct
make, build
appropriate to
which applies to
consult
contact, talk to, meet, ask
continue
carry on, keep on
continuous days
days in a row
18
Blackburn with Darwen Borough Council
contrary to
against
doubt – if in any doubt
if you are not sure
contravenes
goes against
due to the fact that
because, as
convenient
when you can
duration
time
convert
change
dwel ing, domicile
home
convey or convey to
carry – or tel
E
correspond
write, match
earnings
wages, money coming in
corroboration
evidence, proof, support
eligible
al owed, qualify
creditor
lender
elect
pick, choose
cumulative
add up, added up
eligible for
may get, entitled to
customary
usual, normal
elucidate
explain, make clear
D
emphasise
stress
date of onset
date it began
emoluments
earnings, wages, money
dealt with
answered
employment
work
decision
decide
empower
al ow, let
decrease
go down
enable
al ow, let
deduct
take off
enclosed
inside, with, here is
deem
treat as, consider
endeavour
try
defer
put off, delay
enquire
ask
deficiency
lack of
enquiry
question
delay – without delay
straight away
ensure
make sure
delete
cross out
entitlement
right
demonstrate
show, prove
envisage
expect, imagine
denote
show
equitable
fair
departure – departure
equivalent
equal, the same
date
leave, date you left
erroneous
wrong, false, by mistake
despatch
send
establish
show, find out
designate
appoint, choose
estimate
work out
desire
wish, want
evaluate
test, check
despatch
send
event of – in the event of
if
despite
although
evident
clear
detach
tear off
evince
show, display
deteriorate
get worse
examine
check
determine
decide, find out, work out
exceptionally
only when, in this case
determining – in
excessive
too many, too much
determining
working out, when we work out
exclude
leave out
detrimental
harmful
excluding
apart from, other than
diminish
drop, lessen, reduce
exclusively
only
disburse
pay
exempt from
free from
expedite
hurry
discharge date
the date you came out of
…hospital
expeditiously
as soon as possible, quickly
disclose
tel , show
expenditure
spending
disconnect
cut off
expire
run out, die
discontinue
stop, end
extant
current, in force
discrete
separate
F
dispose of
get rid of
fabricate
make up
disseminate
spread
facilitate
help
document
papers
factor
reason
dominant
main
failure to
if you do not
donate
give
feasible
possible
finalise
complete, finish
fol owing
after
Style guide for
The Shuttle and other corporate publications
19
for the duration of
during, while
in excess of
more than
for the purpose of
to
infirmity
il ness
forfeit
give up
inform
tel , let know about
forward
send
infrequently
not often
forthwith
now, at once
initiate
begin, start
frequently
often
intimate
say, hint
fresh
new
in lieu of
instead of
furnish
give
in order to
to
furthermore
then, also
inquire
ask
G
in receipt of
get, have, receive
gainful employment
paid work
in relation to
about
generate
produce, give
in respect of
about, for
gratuities
tips
inspect
check, look at
wages before tax and other
interim
temporary, meantime
gross earnings
amounts taken off, earnings
issue
give, send
before deductions
in the case of
in, for
grounds
reason
in the course of
in, while, during
guidance
help
in the event of
if
H
in the near future
soon
henceforth
from now on, from today
in the neighbourhood of
about, around, near
hereafter
from now on
irrespective of
whether or not, even if
hereby
now (or leave out altogether)
issue
give
herein
here
J
herewith
now, with this, enclosed
jeopardise
risk
heretofore
until now
L
hitherto
until now, before
legislation
law
hold in abeyance
wait, postpone
liable – you are liable to
have to, you must
however
but
liability – you have a
liability to
by law you must
I
locality
place, area
identical
same
locate
find
immediately
at once
impart
give, pass on, tel
low income grounds
because you don’t have much
money coming in
implement
do, carry out
M
in accordance with
as, under
magnitude
size
in addition to
also
maintained
kept
in as much
because
maintenance
upkeep
in case of
if
make an application
apply
in connection with
for, about
make a claim
claim
in conjunction with
and, with
make a payment
pay
in consequence
because, as a result
manner in which you
how you, the way you
inadequate
not enough, poor
manufacture
make
inappropriate
wrong, not right, unsuitable
mandatory
must
incapable of
unable to, can’t, cannot
material
relevant
incapacitated
il , sick, unfit
marginal
smal , slight
increment
increase, step, pay rise
means – by means of
by
incurred
owe, have to pay
members
council ors
independent of
not part of
members of the public
people, residents, the public
indicate
show
miscel aneous
other, mixed, various
individual
anyone, someone, you, an
modify
change
employee
20
Blackburn with Darwen Borough Council
N
peruse
read, look at
necessitate
have to, need
place of residence
home, where you live
negligent
careless
portion
part
nevertheless
but, however
possess
have, own
none the less
even so, however, yet
practically
almost, nearly
notify
tel , let us know
preceding week
week before
notwithstanding
even if, despite, stil , yet
predominant
main
numerous
many
prescribed
set, fixed
O
present – at present
now
object to
don’t agree with
preserve
keep
previous – previous letter
last time I wrote
objective
aim, goal
principal
main
obligation to
you must
prior to
before
proceed
go ahead, start
observe
see
procure
get, obtain
obsolete
old, out-of-date
prohibit
ban, stop
obtain
get, receive
prolonged
long, for a long time
occasioned by
caused by
promptly
quickly, at once
promulgate
make known
occupation
job
proportion
part, share
occur
happen
provide
give
provided that
if, as long as
offeror
sel er
provisional
for now
offeree
customer
provisions
rules, terms
office –contact this office us, we – contact us
proximity
near
officer
employee
purchase
buy
offset against
we wil take away from
purport
claim
on behalf of
for
pursuant
under
on the grounds that
because
Q
operate
work, run
opportunity
chance
qualifying conditions
conditions you must meet
option
choice
quarterly
four times a year
ordinarily
normal y, usual y
R
other than
except
receive
get
otherwise
or
reconsider
think again
outstanding
unpaid
reduce
cut
overal
total, whole, together
refund – verb
pay back – we wil pay back
owing to the fact that
because
refund - noun
the money we owe you
P
regarding
about
partially
partly
regret
sorry
participate
take part in
regulation
rule
particulars
details, facts
reimburse
repay, pay back
pending
until
relinquish
give up
per
a, each
remain
stay
per annum
a year
remainder
the rest
perform
do
remit
send
permissible
al owed
remittance
money, payment
permit
let, al ow
remuneration
pay, wages, salary
persons
people, anyone
remunerative work
paid work
render
send, make, give
renew your claim
claim again
Style guide for
The Shuttle and other corporate publications
21
report
tel
transmit
send
represents
shows, stands for, is
transpire
happen
request
ask, question
to date
so far
require
need
to the extent that
if, when
have a responsibility to
must, should
U
reside
live
ultimately
in the end
residence
home
unable to
cannot, or can’t
unavailability
lack of, absence
response
answer
resume
start again
undertake
do
restriction
limit
uniform
same
retain
keep
unoccupied
empty
reverse
back
utilise, utilisation, usage
use
review
look again at
undertake
agree
revised
new, changed
V
retail offer
shop or shops
variation
change
retain
keep
vendor
sel er
revenue
income, money coming in
verification
proof
reverse
back of
verify
check, confirm
revise
new, changed
vicinity - in the
near
S
virtually
almost
by virtue of the fact that
because
said
the –‘the document’ not ‘said
document’
visualise
see, predict
salary
pay
vocation
job
same
that
W
scrutinise
read careful y, look at
whensoever
when
select
choose
whereas
but
settlement
payment
whether
if
shortly
soon
wilful y
deliberately
significant
important, major
wish
would like to
solely
only
with a view to
to
specified amount
amount or set amount
with effect from
from
state
say, tel us, write down
with minimum delay
quickly, or say when (insert
date)
statutory
legal, by law
with reference to
about
stipulate
state
with regard to
about, for
subject to
as long as, if
with respect to
about, for
submit
send, give
withhold
stop, refuse, hold back
subsequently
later
wholly
al , completely, ful y
subsequent to
after
Y
substantial
large, great, a lot of
You are requested
please
sufficient
enough
supplementary
extra, more
This is not a complete list -
surname
family name
keep checking your own writing!
suspend
stop for the time being
T
terminate
stop, end, finish
thereafter
then, after
therefore
for this reason or because of
this
therewith
with that
thus
so
to date
so far
22
Blackburn with Darwen Borough Council
A - Z
Barnardo’s – Note the second ‘r’ which is often
missed out
This is a general, though not exhaustive guide.
Basical y, use common sense, consistency, avoid
Barclays Bank - no apostrophe
Americanisms - and don’t trust the spel checker!
bartender - one word
A
bdirect - as shown. The “w” only appears in the logo
A666
benefited, benefiting
- no ful point in road numbers, write as shown
- one t
A-level
bestseller
AS-level
between is between two. If more than two it becomes
among
abbreviations, see general notes
Bible, The
about - not some or around (when expressing
Bill
quantities)
- capped up in parliamentary terms
accommodate
bird’s-eye view
act
Border
(parliamentary) l/c except when citing the full
- capped up only when referring to the Border
name: the Police and Criminal Evidence Act; the police
region between England and Scotland or England and
act
Wales
addresses thus:
Boxing Day
Market Street, unabbreviated.
Numbers are general y omitted; when they must be
Boy Scouts - use Scouts
given, use no comma
The Boys’ Brigade - also the BB (not BBs)
adrenaline
brackets - use sparingly. General y only in lists and
adviser, advisory
for caption numbers, also around codes in phone
affect - to influence; effect - to cause or achieve
numbers
Aids
BT
- not AIDS
- British Telecom changed its name to BT
ageing
bureaux - not bureaus
all right
bylaw, bypass, byroad;
- never alright
but by-election,
by-product
alternative - this is one of two, not one of three, four,
five or more (these would be options)
C
amid - not amidst
cable TV - lower case ‘c’
among - not amongst. It’s also worth a noting
Caesarean - upper case; -ean, not –ian
that “between” is between two. If more than two it
canvas - heavy material; canvass - noun or verb to
becomes among
survey opinion
ampersands (&) should only be used when they are
carcass
part of a company’s name - eg Marks & Spencer
car park
anaesthetic
- two words
Catholic
anticlimax
- cap the al religious denominations
- one word
centring
archeologist - not archae-
chair
autumn
– not chairperson , chairman or chair woman.
– lower case, as with al seasons
You can also say that so and so chaired the meeting.
B
No cap and the same goes for vice chair.
balloted
championship – l/c
banknote
Chancellor of the Exchequer
- one word
Bank Holiday
Christian
– u/c
- (noun and adjective), Christianity
Baptist
Christmas Day
- cap when referring to religion, “He is a
Baptist”
chronic - means long-lasting. It does not mean
bar - (for legal profession and in Commons), l/c; let
serious
context make it clear
civil service
barbecue
commence/commencement – avoid. Use begin/
beginning or start
Style guide for
The Shuttle and other corporate publications
23
commitment - only one ‘t’; committal –
dispatch - not despatch
double ‘t’
dissociate - not disassociate
common sense - (noun), but commonsense,
Diwali - Hindu festival of lights (fol owed by Hindu new
commonsensical (adj)
year)
compare to - when likenesses are the point; compare
DIY - no hyphens
with for differences
do’s and don’ts
complement goes wel with – compliment is saying
something nice
dyeing - as in changing colour
comprises of – avoid
E
consensus - not concensus
earnt - no, use earned
Conservative Party
earring - one word
constable - smal “c”, also l/c for al police ranks e.g.
EEC - use EC
detective constable, chief superintendent. The ONLY
exception to this is when the title forms an integral
Eid - Muslim festival
part eg “Chief Superintendent Dave Mal aby.” Ranks
eg - abbreviation of for example. No points as in eg.
can be abbreviated, when appropriate, to DC, DI
(This wil come up as an error in spel check but it
and so on, but NEVER det. con, chief super. When
looks much neater.)
referring general y to “the police” it should be l/c.
embarrass
Caps used only when name of the area the police
serve is mentioned too as in Lancashire Police or
English – This takes a capital (as would French,
Lancashire Constabulary.
Esperanto or Swahili) because it is a language. When
continent
referring to school subjects, eg key stage subjects, it
- l/c except when referring to the Continent
would be “English, maths and science,” not “English,
of Europe, Asia, Africa, America etc
Maths and Science.”
convener - not convenor
enormity - is enormously misused; its primary
co-operative, co-ordinate etc
meaning is dreadful wickedness. So “the enormity of
Council Tax - caps
his crimes” is fine but “the enormity of the problem” is
not. Use size or scale when that is what is meant
“Council-ese” - Watch what you write. Don’t let
phrases and abbreviations familiar to you but not the
ensure - to make certain, insure against risk, assure
wider public slip into your stories. Keep it simple.
life
crackdown - one word
etc - avoid
cup-tie - lower case except in specific title e.g. FA
euro - smal e, but Eurozone
Cup-Tie
European Community - cap to avoid confusion
D
European Parliament
Dates
evacuate
- see general notes
- buildings are evacuated, people are led to
safety
de-luxe
exclamation marks - use sparingly and only ever one
debatable
at a time.
decades - When abbreviated, decades eg 60s, have
ex-serviceman, ex-wife, but former mayor, former
no apostrophe. Where appropriate (ie where it looks
model
better in copy) you could use Sixties.)
defendant
F
desiccated
Fahrenheit
diarrhoea
fairway
differ from, different from; never different to
farther - distance; further - additional
disinterested - means impartial
fewer - use in terms of numbers rather than less
or objective; do not confuse with uninterested
which refers to size
disk - in computer terms, otherwise disc
figures - spel out under 10; 10 and upwards in
figures
Disneyland (California), Disney World (Florida), Euro
Disney (France)
fingerprint
first ever - no; say first
24
Blackburn with Darwen Borough Council
First World War - rather than World War 1
info - as in information. Never in stories, occasional y
focused
in headings
folk - not folks; note apostrophe in old folk’s home
Inland Revenue
fulfil, fulfil ing, fulfilment
inquire, inquiry - not enquire or enquiry, latter more
old fashioned
full-time - hyphenated
instil, instilled
G
interesting - avoid as an adjective in copy; let the
GCSE
reader decide
General Election
into - one word, but note “on to”
Gita, The - Hindu holy book
Isa - Individual Savings Account; various types
goodbye, good morning, good night
its - possessive; it’s - short for it is
Government - upper case when referring to the
-ise, -isation - with an ‘s’ not ‘z’ which is
Government of the day, otherwise lower case
Americanised
grandchild, grandad, grandma, granddaughter - note
J
2 d’s in granddaughter
jibe - not gibe
grassroots
John O’Groats
Green Party
judgment - no ‘e’ after the ‘g’
greenbelt - one word
K
H
keyhole
half-hearted
kids - acceptable, but don’t overuse
half-hour - but half an hour
Koran - The Muslim holy book, also known as The
half-past
Quran and The Koran Sharif
half-price
Kosovan - person from Kosovo
half-time – hyphenated
L
halfway - one word
hat-trick
L-plates
head teacher
labelled
hiccup - not hiccough
Labour - capped up for the political party, never call
the party the ‘New Labour’ Party
high street - only capped up when referring to a
street of that name
Land’s End
hi-tech
landowner
Holi - Hindu festival of colours
Latter-day Saints - use Mormons
Hoover - trademarked; use vacuum cleaner - beware
lay-by
of other trademarked words like Jeep and Jacuzzi. If in
lbw - in cricket terms
doubt, ask.
left - the (political), l/c
House - of Commons and Lords
lent - rather than loaned. Capped for the Christian
hyphens - see general notes
season
I
Lent – Christian season before Easter
level-crossing
ice-cream
liaise
ill-health
Liberal - upper case for the political party, e.g. Liberal
income tax
Democrats but do not confuse with expressions such
infer - do not confuse with imply; to infer is to draw
as “liberal views.” Note: In addition to the Liberal
a conclusion from a suggestion; to imply is to do the
Democrats there is stil a smal Liberal Party.
suggesting
licence - noun; license - verb; licensee - publican
lightning - in weather terms; lightening - getting lighter
Style guide for
The Shuttle and other corporate publications
25
like - do not misuse for “such as.” Equal y, do not
Opposition - the leading minority party in Parliament
misuse “such as” when a comparison is the point
and on the Council
literally - means actual y happened. So an expression
Ordnance Survey
such as “the heavens literal y opened” cannot be
outpatient - one word
correct
overall - one word - but use sparingly
Lord’s - the cricket ground, note the apostrophe
override - one word
M
P
major - avoid using when big or main wil suffice
Parliament - but parliamentary
Mass - capped up for Roman Catholic service
pigeon-holed
Maulana - Muslim priest
plc - al lower case, no ful points when used after
McDonald’s
company names
medieval - no middle “a”
point-blank
midday - acceptable, but noon is preferable. Never
Portakabin - trade name, use portable building
12 noon
post-code
midnight - never 12 midnight
pothole - one word
Minister - as in Cabinet Minister, but minister in
religious terms
practice - noun, practise - verb
more than - use in preference to “over” in matters of
president - l/c, except in front of name
quantity
principal - head of a col ege. Leading actor or
MPs - plural of MP, no apostrophe
adjective; principle – noun meaning fundamental truth
M-way - abbreviation acceptable only in headlines
provided that - not providing that
when it must carry a capital M
Publications
N
Publications, produced by the Council should be
printed in italics eg The Shuttle, Neighbourhood
nearby
News, Team Talk. Council (or LSP) strategies such as
nearside
the Community safety strategy, Town centre strategy
should be italicised but not take initial caps except
nerve-racking
where grammatical y correct eg at the start of a
nevertheless, none the less - first one word, second
sentence or in a list.
three words
A corporate look for mastheads of Council publications
newlyweds - one word
is available and should be used for regular
publications.
new year - New Year’s Day
Pujari – Hindu priest
no-one
Q
north west - no caps, no hyphen unless in a title eg
Government Office North West
questionnaire
Numbers: See general rules in style book. Note:
queuing, queued
Always round numbers up or down to nearest half.
quickfire
Never say 27.9 (use 28 instead) or £147.2m (say
quotes – see general notes
£147m)
R
0
racecourse, racehorse – one word
occur, occurred
racism – do not mention a person’s colour or country
offside
of birth unless it is relevant to the story
old-age pensioner
Radio 1/2/3/4/Radio Five Live
old folk’s home
Ramadan – Muslim month of fasting
Ombudsman - capped up when referring to British
real estate - use property
title
re-count - to count again; recount – to relate or tel of
on to - not onto
refer - also referring (noun), referable (adj)
26
Blackburn with Darwen Borough Council
referendum - plural referendums
can be attributed to a chief officer. See the PR
Register office - not registry office. Registrar
protocols in the Corporate guidelines booklet for
further information.
Reverend - shorten to Rev. with ful stop
spring - l/c as with al seasons
right - the (political), the right wing, right-wing
contenders, rightwingers
storey - of a building
Romania
subaqua
Roman Catholic
suing
Royal British Legion - shortens to British legion or
summer - l/c as with al seasons
the legion
summoned - not summonsed
Royal Lancashire Show - for first mention in a story.
Sunday school
The Lancs Show and Royal Lancs Show are acceptable
swap - not swop
further down stories
Rugby Football League / Rugby Football Union
T
- caps for the governing bodies, but rugby league (I/c)
T-shirt
and rugby union for the sports themselves
take-away
S
takeover
Safeway - not Safeways
target, targeting, targeted
Sainsbury’s – the company name is J. Sainsbury
Tannoy - trademarked; avoid. Use public address
system
Scot - a native of Scotland; adjective is Scottish, not
Scotch which is a drink
taxpayer - basic-rate taxpayer, higher-rate taxpayer
seasons - al lower case: spring, summer, autumn,
tax year - from April 6 to April 5 the next year
winter, except where grammar demands a cap
tel:- acceptable abbreviation before telephone
seatbelt
numbers. Note colon
Second World War
telephone numbers
- rather than World War 2
- do not hyphenate eg (01254)
585585 is acceptable. 01254-585585 is not. Codes
sewage - waste matter; sewerage - is the disposal
are not necessary unless they are out of the 01254
system; the channels in which it is col ected.
area. Use brackets around codes.
Shakespearian - not -ean
terrace house - not terraced house, unless you mean
shopkeeper - one word
a house with its own terraces
shoplifting - one word
Tesco - not Tescos
show business - but showbiz
thalidomide - lower case
that - is overused. 90% of times it is not needed -
showjumping - one word
always think before using
sit-in
Third World
skiing - one word
threshold
smart alec, l/c
time - When writing times keep it simple eg 2pm, not
Socialist Alliance
2.00p.m., likewise 9.30am, noon
Socialist Labour Party
today, tomorrow, tonight
south - the, l/c except in stories about divided Ireland
toddler - only applies to babies who have just started
and the American South
walking, up to the age of about two and a half
spelt
top - avoid overuse of this word eg “a top council or,”
“a top union official.” “A council or,” “a union official”
spokesmen – “A spokesman for British Rail said this
is sufficient
week...” should be “BR said this week...”. Note: The
Council always (except in exceptional circumstances,
tow-path
agreed beforehand with corporate PR) attributes
towards - not toward
quotes to named individuals. These should preferably
trade names - (eg Hoover, Jeep), avoid unless you
be executive members. If time is short, the statement
KNOW the car was a Jeep etc
trade union, but Trades Union Congress – the plural
of trade union is trades unions
transatlantic
Style guide for
The Shuttle and other corporate publications
27
turnround
wry, wrily
TV - use sparingly, except in headlines. Tel y is NOT
acceptable
X
Xerox - trademarked; avoid.
U
x-ray - l/c
under way - two words
Xmas - Christmas is preferable, even in headings
unmistakeable - note middle “e”
unshakeable - note middle “e”
Y
up to date - no hyphens as in “the files are up to
yearbook - one word
date” but hyphens included when used as an adjective
yoghurt
as in “up-to-date methods”
up to - NEVER upto
Z
utilise - avoid. Use use
Z – Set your spel -checker on English spel ing to avoid
‘surprizes’!
V
zebra crossing
vaccinate
zigzag
vacillate
Zimmer frame – trademarked
Vat - value added tax
versus - shorten to vs, not v
Blackburn with Darwen place names
very - a word to be avoided
In alphabetical order – note any unusual spel ings
veterinary surgeon
Audley
vice-president, vice-chairman, etc
Bastwel
videotape
Beardwood
vocal cords - not chords
Corporation Park
Earcroft
W
Ewood
watchdog
Higher Croft
wavelength
Lammack
website - Note: Always quote our website address
Little Harwood
when it is mentioned in a story
Livesey
weekend, weekday - one word
Marsh House
wheelie bins
Meadowhead
whisky - Scottish; whiskey - Irish
Mil Hil
Whit Monday, Whitsuntide
Pleasington
whiz-kid
Queens Park
Roe Lee
wholehearted
Shadsworth
whooping cough
Shear Brow
whose - belonging to; who’s - who is
Sudel
wicketkeeper
Sunnyhurst
Wimpey - the builder; Wimpy - the fast food chain
Tockholes
winter - l/c as with al seasons
Turton
withhold
Wensley Fold
within - increasingly over used. Try “in” instead
Whitebirk
workforce
Whitehal
working class - noun; working-class - adjective
workingmen’s club
worldwide - one word worthwhile - one word
28
Blackburn with Darwen Borough Council
House style for designers
In addition to preferred writing styles as outlined in
beyond the next election.) These should be on the
the rest of this style book there are also accepted
inside back page. Where there is space, the What’s
fonts and point sizes, as wel as other general
on section should contain one or more pictures of
styles, that must be adhered to in the design of
forthcoming events.
the paper. These fonts should also be used in
other council publications including consultation,
Special features wil sometimes be commissioned
marketing and information materials. This will
and on occasion may reflect a particular branding
help to give a strong corporate feel to council
in their style – eg “Your Council - representing
publications without compromising the creativity of
you” or “The Youth Shuttle” These could therefore
individual docmuents.
be designed in a different way to the rest of the
paper. Occasional y the paper may carry a focus
There is also a corporate look for mastheads of
feature with several stories on one subject, eg
regular publications based on that of The Shuttle.
crime. These wil be in a 6pt box with a 1cm strap
These include mastheads for Neighbourhood
outlining the nature of the feature in Franklin Gothic
News, Team Talk and Parliamentary Brief. The
Heavy 18pt.
Council has also developed a “suite” of service
information leaflets, based on the advice in this
Fonts
guide.
To support the corporate look of printed material
the font you should use - and tel designers to use
The Shuttle
- is Franklin. This wil al ow creativity in design and
The masthead is made up from Rotis Serif 56 Italic
layout, while maintaining the corporate feel of a
(The) and Franklin Gothic Condensed (Shuttle)
document.
fonts.
Franklin Gothic, one of the most popular sans
The front page of the paper wil always have the
serif types ever produced, was designed 1902.
masthead a minimum of 50mm deep, including
The subtle thick and thin pattern of the original
the folio details in a green strap. Folio details
design; the slightly enlarged x-height and
are: Month and year (space) Your Council - your
condensed proportions of this type result in greater
community.
economy of space and it is a standard choice
for use in newspapers and advertising. Franklin
The front page wil also carry an “in this issue”
Gothic Compressed is designed especial y to
panel (outlining the most important contents
solve impossibly tight copy fitting problems, while
inside) across the bottom. This should be 34mm
maintaining high standards of legibility.
deep and in the corporate green (pantone 341)
colour. The panel wil use the Franklin Gothic font
The Franklin family of fonts is a typographers
mentioned below and wil usual y have at least two
dream and very professional, with its large x-
pictures.
height it is very easy to read even in very small
font sizes. Despite being around for a century, it
The bottom of each page wil carry advertising
is stil a very popular font. Simple and balanced it
straplines for the council’s website, crimestoppers,
manages to look contemporary and fresh despite
voter registration, and any others to be determined
its years. Some fonts do wear out very quickly
by the communications and marketing team.
leaving the documents they were used in looking
These should have a background colour of either
dated - Franklin has never been one of these fonts.
the corporate green (pantone 341) or purple
(pantone 273).
Another advantage is its availability. Having been
digitized for over 20 years, the font comes in a
The back page is sport/leisure orientated and will
variety of weights and styles. Light, roman, book,
carry stories related to that theme. It wil also
medium, demi, condensed, compressed and
contain contact information for the newspaper
black are just a few members of this versatile font
editorial team.
family. It can also be found in a Type 1 format
Every issue should carry the Useful numbers
which is widely used on Macintosh computers as
and What’s on sections. Both of these should
wel as True Type which is common on Windows
be updated every issue, and the leader’s surgery
computers.
details – again updated each issue. (Note this will
get smal er each time as we can’t publicise these
Style guide for
The Shuttle and other corporate publications
29
The Shuttle - technical information
All body text 9pt Franklin Gothic book with leading
Major features can boxed off with a 2pt border if
9.5pt.
design al ows, again this is usual y black but can be
coloured if design al ows – e.g. a green border for
Use 9pt Franklin Gothic medium and bold as text
an environment special.
contrast for panels, headers and footers.
Crossheads are 10pt Franklin Gothic No.2
All intros for leads in 13pt Franklin Gothic book.
Roman. Use sparingly.
All other intros in standard size for the style -
Pull quotes can be used to highlight positive
i.e. 9pt Franklin Gothic book with leading 9.5pt or
statements from the story text to add impact and
Franklin Gothic medium and bold when contrasting
fil space.
text in panels, headers and footers.
No indent on intros, indent al other paragraphs.
Neighbourhood Newsletters -
Page lead headlines in Franklin Gothic book font
technical information
50pt – 80pt.
All body text 9pt Franklin Gothic book with leading
Front page lead is also in Franklin Gothic book
10pt.
90pt; al lead headings are sentence case.
Use 9pt Franklin Gothic medium and demi as text
Sub-heads in Franklin Gothic No.2 Roman – 18pt.
contrast for panels, headers and footers.
Second leads Franklin Gothic Book – 24pt – 36pt.
All intros for leads in 9pt Franklin Gothic medium
or demi.
Other down page headlines are 24pt – 30pt
Franklin Gothic Book.
All other intros in standard size for the style - i.e.
9pt Franklin Gothic medium with leading 10pt or
Nibs headings in Franklin Gothic No.2 Roman
Franklin Gothic demi and bold when contrasting
– 18pt.
text in panels, headers and footers.
Body type for nibs is Franklin Gothic Book 9pt.
No indent on intros, indent al other paragraphs.
Main leads and second leads should have three
Page lead headlines in Franklin Gothic book font
decks maximum. Single column stories down the
50pt – 80pt.
side should have maximum 4 decks. Front page
lead can have up to four decks maximum, i.e. four
Front page lead is also in Franklin Gothic book
single words like “High tech vote plan.”
90pt; al lead headings are sentence case.
Reverse headlines (white on black - or wob)
Sub-heads in Franklin Gothic demi – 14pt.
acceptable where design dictates but not to be
Second leads Franklin Gothic heavy – 18pt
over used.
– 36pt.
Occasional y reverse colour wobs are acceptable,
Other down page headlines are 24pt – 30pt
but use sparingly.
Franklin Gothic demi or heavy.
Coloured panels can be used sparingly where
Nibs headings in Franklin Gothic No.2 roman
appropriate.
– 15pt.
Captions in Franklin Gothic Demi – 9pt with green
Body type for nibs is Franklin Gothic book 9pt.
square bul et preceding first word. No point at end
of caption.
Main leads and second leads should have three
decks maximum. Single column stories down the
Rules separating stories are 1pt.
side should have maximum 4 decks. Front page
All adverts to be ruled off with minimum 0.5pt
lead can have up to four decks maximum, i.e. four
rule.
single words like “High tech vote plan.”
Boxes round picture stories are 2pt max, usual y
Reverse headlines (white on black - or wob)
black, but can be coloured if design al ows.
acceptable where design dictates but not to be
over used.
Occasional y reverse colour wobs are acceptable,
but use sparingly.
Coloured panels can be used sparingly where
appropriate.
30
Blackburn with Darwen Borough Council
Captions in Franklin Gothic book – 8pt with green
Sub headings 16pt Franklin Gothic demi with
square bul et preceding first word. No point at end
leading 19.2pt. Text colour is Pantone 273 for use
of caption.
as spot colour or C=100; M=94; Y=0; K=6 if
used for process.
Rules separating stories are 1pt.
Pictures / Illustrations Provided the picture,
All adverts to be ruled off with minimum 0.5pt
photograph or il ustration fits the space al owed
rule.
then there are no hard and fast rules about
Boxes round picture stories are 2pt max, usual y
the subject matter or treatment of images. For
black, but can be coloured if design al ows. The
example, you may use a single image or a montage
use of light tinted backgrounds with no box rules is
of photographs. Make sure that overal the images
encouraged where layout permits.
reflect the nature of the service promoted in the
leaflet and the diversity of the borough.
Major features can boxed off with a 2pt border
if design al ows, again this is usual y black but can
The il ustration or picture occupies a space on the
be coloured if design al ows – e.g. a green border
cover of the leaflet, under the title block as shown
for an environment special. The use of light tinted
below.
backgrounds with no box rules is encouraged
Leaflets can also be produced in A4 or trifold A5
where layout permits.
444mm x 210mm (folded to 148 x 148 x 148 x
Crossheads are 10pt Franklin Gothic No.2
210mm) formats. When enlarged or reduced all
Roman. Use sparingly.
graphic elements must stay in proportion to the
diagram below.
Pull quotes can be used to highlight positive
statements from the story text to add impact and
Purple top bar 148 x 10mm
fil space.
Service information leaflets -
Borough
Crest
technical information
Title Section 148 x 65mm
Body text 11pt Franklin Gothic book with leading
13.2pt. Text to be left aligned, ragged.
NB. Depending on audience, some leaflets will
have body text increased to 14pt with leading 16pt.
Indented text 11pt Franklin Gothic book with
leading 13.2pt using 4mm indent and round
bul ets.
Il ustration area 148 x 105mm
First, lead paragraph in 9pt Franklin Gothic book
16pt with leading 19.2pt.
Cover heading 24pt - 46pt Franklin Gothic book.
First, main heading 16pt - 24pt Franklin Gothic
White space 148 x 10mm
demi with automatic leading - this main head
Green gradient bar 148 x 20mm
appears only once on the inside of the front page.
Style guide for
The Shuttle and other corporate publications
31
Notes
32
Blackburn with Darwen Borough Council
Notes
Notes
produced by communications and marketing
version 2 - June 2006