Report of Bird Counts at
East Marsh and Eton Manor
2008
OLYMPIC PARK AND SITE WIDE INFRASTRUCTURE
LONDON 2012
OLYMPIC PARK WIND TURBINE
REP-EDW-TG-ZZZ-ZZZ-ZZZ-O-0001 (P02)
Bird Counts at East Marsh and Eton Manor
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This report has been prepared for the sole benefit, use and information of the ODA for the purposes set out in
the report or instructions commissioning it. The liability of in respect of the information contained in the report
will not extend to any third party.
This document and its contents are confidential and restricted to the distribution as recorded in the distribution
list.
Metadata
Bird Counts at East Marsh and Eton Manor 2008
Title
This report presents the results of 12 month bird counts
at Eton Manor and East Marsh during 2008 undertaken
Abstract
to inform the impact assessments of proposed wind
turbines.
Identifier
REP-EDW-TG-ZZZ-ZZZ-ZZZ-O-0001
Version
P02
Status
Revised draft for information
Creator Name
Gary Grant
Creator Organisation Name
EDAW Consortium
Date Issued
4th December 2009
Disclosable to Freedom of Information Act
Yes
Format
.pdf
Language
English (UK)
Publisher Role
Gary Grant
Publisher Organisation Name
EDAW Consortium
Purpose
As abstract
Subject Category
Information Management
Source
Not Applicable
Access Constraints
Restricted
Use Constraints
Restricted
Bird Counts at East Marsh and Eton Manor
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Revision History
Revision Date of Revision
Reason for Change
Author
Approved by
P01
28 January 2009
First draft issued for information
Gary Grant
Alasdair Young
P02
4th December 2009 Addresses comments on first draft Gary Grant
Alasdair Young
Bird Counts at East Marsh and Eton Manor
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SUSTAINABILITY
Distribution
Name Title
Revision
Date
Issued
Paul Hannan
Project Manager
P02
4th December 2009
P02
Ruari Maybank
Project Sponsor - Utilities
4th December 2009
P02
Dan Epstein
Head of Sustainability
4th December 2009
P02
Jo Carris
CLM Sustainability
4th December 2009
P02
Isobel Downey
Project Manager, Ecotricity
4th December 2009
P02
Richard Jackson ODA Environment
4th December 2009
Bird Counts at East Marsh and Eton Manor
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Contents
1. Introduction
2. Methodology
3. Results
4. Conclusions
References
Appendices:
Site A Bird Counts
Site B Bird Counts
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1. Introduction
1.1
The ODA is proposing to erect a wind turbine at Eton Manor (referred to as Site B) and has conducted
initial feasibility work in conjunction with London Borough of Hackney for a proposed second wind
turbine, located on East Marsh (referred to as Site A). Each turbine will have a tower with blades that
will be around 120m above ground at the highest point and around 40m above ground at the lowest
point with a hub height of approximately 80m.
1.2
Wind turbines have the potential to have negative impacts on birds and current best practice involves
thorough assessments of these impacts, which include habitat loss or damage, disturbance and
collision (English Nature, RSPB, WWFUK, BWEA 2001). In order to undertake an objective
assessment a a baseline survey is necessary which includes observations of birds throughout the year
including wintering, breeding and migratory birds
. This is a report of the baseline bird observation
survey, and is not an assessment of any impacts. A fully detailed environmental report setting out
the effects of the wind turbine, including on ecology, would have to be submitted alongside any future
planning application, and all relevant stakeholders consulted.
1.3
The Lee Valley is noted for both wintering and breeding birds. The Walthamstow Reservoirs (a Site of
Special Scientific Interest and part of the Lee Valley Special Protection Area – designated under the
European Birds Directive and the Lee Valley Ramsar Site – internationally recognised wetland) and
adjoining areas are important wintering sites for waterfowl (including nationally important numbers of
shoveler and tufted duck) and breeding sites for waterbirds (including great crested grebe, pochard,
tufted duck, coot, yellow wagtail, sedge warbler and reed warbler). The reservoirs attract nationally
important populations of wildfowl and support a major heronry, one of the largest in the UK. The
heronry is given as a reason for designation in the citation for the Walthamstow Reservoirs SSSI.
Local birdwatchers report that birds regularly move between the Walthamstow Reservoirs and the
River Thames, passing by East Marsh (see figure 1).
--------- Lee Valley Regional Park
---------------- Walthamstow Reservoirs
------------ East Marsh/ Eton Manor Sites
--------- River Thames
Figure 1: The study sites in context
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2. Methodology
2.1
Guidance for observing birds for the purposes of assessing impacts of wind turbines has been
prepared by Scottish Natural Heritage (2005). Using this guidance and following consultation with
Natural England and the RSPB (Alison Giacomelli) and a reconnaissance visit, methodology was
developed to ensure that birds were observed for a minimum of 36 hours for each of two seasons
(wintering and breeding).
2.2
For this study, two skilled observers (David Darrell Lambert) and (Simon Buckell or Paul Hawkins)
made simultaneous observations using binoculars from two vantage points at both Site A and Site B
(see figure 2). Counts were made for three 2 hour periods beginning at dawn, again at midday and
finally at dusk for one day each month during the whole of 2008. This ensured that there was a total of
72 hours observation at each VP covering all seasons.
2.3
All birds were identified to species where possible (some records were of small, large or mixed groups
of gulls) and the height of the flight line of each bird assigned to one of three categories as follows:
Low:
Below 30m
Mid-height:
Between 30m and 130m
High:
Above
130m
Birds flying at mid-height would be at an elevation where the blades of the proposed turbines would be
rotating.
Figure 2: Vantage points at the two study sites
3. Results
Bird Counts at East Marsh and Eton Manor
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3.1
The full results of the year-long studies of both sites are presented as appendices to this report. The
data is represented as two spreadsheets which show counts for both sites presented for each species
for dawn midday and dusk for each of 12 visits – one for each month of the year.
3.2
A total of 72 species were recorded at both sites (see Table 1). Of these, one species, Harris hawk,
was an escaped captive bird. Eight species are listed on Schedule 1 of the Wildlife and Countryside
Act (WCA) namely: Brambling, fieldfare, hobby, kingfisher, marsh harrier, peregrine, red kite and
redwing. Birds listed on Schedule 1 of the WCA are protected by special penalties. There are also five
species included in Annex 1 of the European Birds Directive in the list, namely: Common tern,
kingfisher, marsh harrier, peregrine and red kite. Birds listed in Annex 1 are rare or vulnerable in the
European context. There are also three non-specific categories, namely ‘small gulls’ flocks of
unidentified small gulls probably black-headed gulls and/or common gulls; large gulls flocks of
unidentified large gulls probably herring gulls and/or lesser black-backed gulls and ‘mixed gulls’ which
includes flocks of unidentified gulls of all sizes.
Table 1: List of species recorded at East Marsh and Eton Manor 2008
Wildlife &
Annex 1
Olympic
JNCC Conservation
Status in Lower Lea
Species
Countryside
Birds
Park
Listing1
Valley2
Act
Directive
BAP
species
Blackbird Green
Breeding
Black-headed Gull
Amber
Wintering and migrant
Brambling Green
Schedule
1
Migrant
Buzzard Green
Migrant
Canada Goose
Introduced
Breeding
Carrion Crow
Green
Breeding
Caspian Gull
Wintering
Chaffinch Green
Breeding
Collared Dove
Green
Breeding
Common Gull
Amber
Wintering
Common Shelduck
Amber
Breeding
Common Swift
Green
Breeding
Common Tern
Green
Annex 1
Breeding
Dunnock Amber
Breeding
European Swallow
Amber
Migrant
Feral Pigeon
Green
Breeding
Fieldfare Amber
Schedule
1
Wintering
Gadwall Amber
Breeding
Goldfinch Green
Breeding
Great Black-backed Gull
Green
Wintering and migrant
Great Cormorant
Amber
Breeding & wintering
Great Spotted
Green
Breeding
Woodpecker
Great Tit
Green
Breeding
Green Woodpecker
Amber
Breeding
Greenfinch Green
Breeding
+
Grey Heron
Green
Breeding & wintering
Grey Wagtail
Amber
Breeding & wintering
Greylag Amber
Breeding
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Harris Hawk
Escape
Herring Gull
Amber
Breeding & wintering
Hobby Green
Schedule
1
Migrant
House Martin
Amber
Breeding
Jay Green
Breeding
Kestrel Amber
Breeding
Kingfisher
Amber
Schedule 1
Annex 1
+
Breeding
Lesser Black-backed Gull
Amber
Breeding & wintering
Lesser Redpoll
Amber
Migrant
Linnet Red
+
Breeding
Long-tailed Tit
Green
Breeding
Magpie Green
Breeding
Mallard Green
Breeding
Marsh Harrier
Amber
Schedule 1
Annex 1
Migrant
Meadow Pipit
Amber
Migrant
Mistle Thrush
Amber
Breeding
Mute Swan
Amber
Breeding
Peregrine
Amber
Schedule 1
Annex 1
Breeding
Pied Wagtail
Green
Breeding & wintering
Red Kite
Amber
Schedule 1
Annex 1
Migrant
Redwing Amber
Schedule
1
Wintering
Reed Bunting
Red
+
Breeding
Ring-billed Gull
Migrant
Robin Green
Breeding
Sand Martin
Amber
+
Breeding
Siskin Green
Wintering and migrant
Skylark Red
Migrant
Song Thrush
Red
+
Breeding
Sparrowhawk Green
Breeding
Starling Red
+
Breeding
Stock Dove
Amber
Breeding
Teal Amber
Wintering and migrant
Whitethroat Green
Migrant
Willow Warbler
Amber
Migrant
Wood Pigeon
Green
Breeding & wintering
Wren Green
Breeding
Yellow-legged Gull
Amber
Wintering and migrant
Yellow Wagtail
Amber
Migrant
3.3
Tables 2 and 3 indicate the maximum numbers of birds counted both sites at turbine height and in total
(for comparison) for those species which were recorded flying at turbine height.
Table 2. Birds recorded at turbine height (Mid-level) at Site A (East Marsh)
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Olympic
Max.
Max.
Schedule 1
Annex 1
Park
Species
Dates
Dates
Count
Count
BAP
Mid- level
Species
Blackbird 3
Nov
3
Nov
Black-headed Gull
208
Mar
41
Nov
Buzzard 1
Aug
1
Aug
Carrion Crow
35
Mar
3
Dec
Chaffinch 14
Oct
17
Oct
Common Gull
90
Mar
9
Jan
Common Shelduck
2
Various
2
Apr. Jun
Common Swift
405
Jul
61
May
European Swallow
30
Sep
30
Sep
Feral Pigeon
77
Apr
7
May
Fieldfare 22
Feb
12
Nov
+
Goldfinch 26
Nov
3
Oct
Great Black-backed Gull
5
Dec
5
Dec
Great Cormorant
41
Apr
26
Oct
Great Spotted Woodpecker
2
Various
2
Sep, Oct
Greenfinch 19
Feb
11
Jan
+
Grey Heron
7
Jun
6
Jun
Grey Wagtail
3
Jan
2
Oct
Herring Gull
210
Feb
210
Feb
House Martin
4
May
1
Jun
Kestrel 5
Mar
2
Jun
Large Gulls
605
Feb
205
Jan
Lesser Black-backed Gull
140
May
30
Feb
Linnet
6
Mar, Oct
6
Oct
+
Magpie 11
Feb
4
Feb
Mallard 26
Mar
10
Nov
Meadow Pipit
39
Oct
39
Oct
Mistle Thrush
17
Jul
5
Oct
Mixed Gulls
1455
Mar
500
Jan
Peregrine 1
Various
1
Various
+ +
Pied Wagtail
8
Oct
8
Oct
Redwing 159
Mar
1
Jan
+
Reed Bunting
2
Oct
2
Oct
+
Sand Martin
8
May
3
Jun
+
Siskin 10
Jan
8
Sep
Skylark 1
Nov
1
Nov
Small Gull
213
Jan
213
Jan
Sparrowhawk 4
Jan
4
Jan
Starling 82
Nov
55
Nov
+
Stock Dove
10
Mar
2
Jan. Feb
Wood Pigeon
160
Nov
55
Nov
Yellow Wagtail
3
Sep
3
Sep
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Yellow legged Gull
1
Various
1
Feb, Nov
3.4
For Site A (East Marsh) Table 2 shows how flocks of several hundred gulls are flying through the site
at mid height, particularly in winter. Many other species fly through in smaller numbers. Species of
conservation concern that fly through at mid- height include fieldfare (on Schedule 1 of the WCA) – 12
birds flew through at mid-height in November and peregrine falcon (on Schedule 1 of the WCA and on
Annex 1 of the Bird Directive). Redwing is another Schedule 1 species that occurs in small numbers at
this height (1 bird in January). The local area is important for cormorants and grey heron. Both species
have been recorded flying through at mid-height, peaking at 26 great cormorant on October and 6 grey
heron in June.
Table 3. Birds recorded at turbine height (Mid-level) at Site B (Eton Manor)
Olympic
Max.
Max.
Schedule 1
Annex 1
Park
Species
Dates
Dates
Count
Count
BAP
Mid- level
Species
Black-headed Gull
110
Jan
96
Dec
Carrion Crow
21
Mar
10
Mar
Chaffinch 12
Dec
4
Dec
Common Gull
51
Feb
18
Feb
Common Shelduck
2
Apr
2
Apr
Common Swift
50
Jun
40
Jul
European Swallow
3
May
3
May
Feral Pigeon
9
Aug
7
Aug
Goldfinch 42
Nov
1
May,Aug
Great Black-backed Gull
23
Feb
5
Feb
Great Cormorant
16
Mar
16
Mar
Great Spotted Woodpecker
1
Several
1
Jan, Apr
Greenfinch 9
Aug
1
Various
+
Grey Heron
3
Jun
1
Various
Herring Gull
465
Feb
227
Mar
Kestrel 4
Sep
2
Oct
Large Gulls
20
Jan
11
Jan
Lesser Black-backed Gull
96
Jan
76
Jan
Linnet 12
Jan
1
Jan
+
Magpie 21
Jan
4
Jan
Mallard 7
Feb
4
Mar
Meadow Pipit
19
Dec
1
Jan
Mixed Gulls
295
Jan
295
Jan
Peregrine 1
Various
1
Various
+ +
Bird Counts at East Marsh and Eton Manor
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Pied Wagtail
4
Feb
4
Feb
Redwing 6
Jan
2
Jan
+
Starling 158
Nov
150
Oct
+
Stock Dove
7
Sep
3
Aug
Wood Pigeon
23
Sep
23
Sep
Yellow Wagtail
2
Aug
1
Apr
Yellow legged Gull
4
Jan
1
Jan
3.5
For Site B (Eton Manor) Table 3 shows how large numbers (hundreds) of gulls are flying through the
site at mid height particularly in winter, although the overall numbers flying across this area are lower
than those seen at East Marsh. Many other species fly through in smaller numbers. Species of
conservation concern that fly through at mid- height include redwing (on Schedule 1 of the WCA) – 2
birds flew through at mid-height in Jan and peregrine falcon (on Schedule 1 of the WCA and on Annex
1 of the Bird Directive). There were several records of individuals flying through at mid-level. The local
area is important for cormorants and grey heron. Both species have been recorded flying through at
mid-height, peaking at 16 great cormorant on March and 1 grey heron in June.
3.6
Tables 4 and 5 present the total numbers of birds observed and total numbers of birds flying at mid-
level (turbine height) at each site during each observation session.
3.7
Table 4 shows these totals for Site A (East Marsh). The table shows how large numbers of birds fly
through this site at turbine height (peaking in winter at 732) and falling to much lower numbers in
spring and summer. There are also clear differences between dawn, noon and dusk. More birds
(mainly gulls) fly south at dawn than return by this route at dusk. Bird activity in the area is relatively
quiet at noon.
Table 4: Site A (East Marsh) Total birds observed during each session
Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec
732
29
346
8
8
15
41
54
102
230
540
265
Mid-level
Dawn
2111 1935 2276 321 277 115 122 318 363 383 1111 1309
All
31
25
21
11
75
28
30
21
28
13
126
110
Mid-level
Midday
139 300 456 246 256 269
171
112 58 58 185 279
All
139
334
212
9
12
37
19
25
50
43
118
102
Mid-level
Dusk
628 816 947 130 75 369 492 96 77 154 224 275
All
3.8
Table 5 shows totals for Site B (Eton Manor). The table shows how large numbers of birds fly through
this site at turbine height (peaking in winter at 496) and falling to much lower numbers in spring and
summer. There are also clear differences between dawn, noon and dusk. More birds (mainly gulls) fly
south at dawn than return by this route at dusk. Bird activity in the area is relatively quiet at noon.
Overall, numbers of birds recorded at Eton Manor are lower than at East Marsh.
Bird Counts at East Marsh and Eton Manor
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Table 5: Site B (Eton Manor) Total birds observed during each session
Jan
Feb
Mar
Apr
May
Jun
Jul
Aug
Sep
Oct
Nov
Dec
Mid-level
496
167
252
3
35
10
47
25
73
88
214
169
Dawn
All
1041
947 816 57 73 55 104 108 188
188 493 667
Mid-level
20
33
11
7
14
10
13
5
68
169
62
112
Midday
All
369 92 52 37 110 106 101 57 204
348 357 615
Mid-level
68
75
77
17
0
5
4
18
73
19
47
25
Dusk
All
176
242
209
36 17 28 55 53
132
116 69 86
3.9
Birds of conservation concern listed on Schedule 1 of the Wildlife and Countryside Act (WCA) and
birds in Annex 1 of the Birds Directive are considered in Table 6. Other species of local importance
(with significant populations in the Lee Valley) are great cormorant and grey heron and these are also
included.
Table 6: Birds of Conservation Concern
Site
Site
Schedule 1
Annex 1
Olympic
Remarks
A
B
WCA
Birds Dir.
Park
Max
Max
BAP
Brambling 2 0 +
Occurs
in
small numbers seen occasionally.
Usually flies at low level
Common
1 0
+
Rare
visitor
Tern
Fieldfare 22
3 +
Winter
visitor
– tends to stay close to the ground
Great
41
16
Significant numbers regularly fly across both sites
Cormorant
at mid-level. Greater numbers at East Marsh
Grey Heron
7
3
+
Feeds along the Lower Lea Valley watercourses
Hobby
0 1 +
Rare
visitor
Kingfisher
1
0
+
+
+
Usually fly at low level and tends to stay close to
the river
Marsh harrier
1
1
+
+
Small numbers and occasional visitor .
Peregrine
1
1
+
Small numbers of resident birds.
Red Kite
1
0
+
+
Rare visitor .
Redwing
159
6
+
Spend most of their time on the ground. Only 2
birds observed at mid-height
3.10
Figure 3 shows the prevailing direction of flight for the larger flocks, which move in a southerly direction
across the site at dawn, apparently following the valley of the River Lea towards the Thames. Smaller
numbers of birds move in the opposite (northerly direction) at dusk.(see paragraph 4.4 below)
Bird Counts at East Marsh and Eton Manor
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Figure 3: Prevailing directions of flight of flocks crossing the site at dusk and dawn
Bird Counts at East Marsh and Eton Manor
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4. Conclusions
4.1. Both site A and site B are crossed by large numbers of birds. For example in a two hour period
around dawn in January 2008 Site A at East Marsh was crossed by 2111 birds. Numbers at Site B at
Eton Manor were also high (1041 birds during the same period). Most of these birds are gulls.
4.2. There are birds that cross both sites at mid-level. In January 2008 at East Marsh 732 birds crossed
the site at this height. Numbers at Ste B at Eton Manor were lower but still significant. Maximum mid-
level count was 496 birds, again in January 2008.
4.3. There are strong seasonal variations in the numbers of birds crossing the sites. Numbers peak in
winter with the large flocks of wintering gull already referred to. In summer numbers fall to 100 birds or
less in any 2 hour period.
4.4. There are strong diurnal variations. Larger numbers of birds are observed at both sites at dawn than
and dusk. At dawn most birds are flying south from their roosts on the Walthamstow Reservoirs. It is
presumed that many of these birds feed on the tidal Thames. Although some birds fly north across the
study sites at dusk others by-pass the sites, flying direct from wherever they are spending the day
straight to their habitual night-time roosts.
4.5. Birds of conservation concern have been recorded. These include raptors (hobby, peregrine, red kite
and marsh harrier), water birds (common tern, grey heron, kingfisher and great cormorant), wintering
thrushes (redwing and fieldfare) and brambling (a small land bird). Of these the wintering thrushes,
brambling and kingfisher all tend to be close to the ground when in the area. The other species, apart
from grey heron and great cormorant occur in very small numbers. Flocks of great cormorant regularly
cross the sites at mid-level. Individual grey heron also regularly cross the sites.
Bird Counts at East Marsh and Eton Manor
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References
English Nature, RSPB, WWF-UK, BWEA. 2001. Wind farm development and nature conservation:
A guidance document for nature conservation organisations and developers when consulting over wind
farm proposals in England. WWF UK, Goldalming.
Scottish Natural Heritage 2005. Guidance: Survey methods for use in assessing the impacts of onshore
windfarms on bird communities.
Footnotes
1. www.jncc.gov.uk/page-2905#bl Joint Nature Conservation Committee: Red list species - high
conservation concern.
2. London Bird Report 2006, London Natural History Society. http://www.lnhs.org.uk/Publications.htm
Appendices
Site A – East Marsh: Records of all counts 2008
Site B – Eton Manor: Records of all counts 2008
Bird Counts at East Marsh and Eton Manor
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Site A (East Marsh) L:<30m; M:30m-150m; H: >150m
12 Jan
2 Feb
1 Mar
20 Apr
4 May
14 Jun
12 Jul
23 Aug
13 Sep
4 Oct
1 Nov
13 Dec
D M D D
M D
D
M D D M D D M D D M D D M D D M D D M D D M D
D M D D M D
Blackbird
L
1
1
1
M
3
Black-headed Gull
H
1
40
3
2
1
2
10
5
11
1
1
2
6
1
1
2
2
2
6
L
30 189
17 115
20 127 208 164
1
13 12
2 29 52
2
4 5 4 65 7 64 61 68 52
M
8
33
6
10
4
2
8
8
3
1
18
8
15
1
9
1
6
41
40
12
7
4
3
Brambling
L
2
Buzzard
M
1
Canada Goose
L
2
4
5
2
28
M
2
Carrion Crow
H
1
1
1
L 34 15 31
3 7
34 18 8 35
29
11
10 16
21 3 6 5 11 2
10 2 1
4 2
4 2 4 3 6 7 4 2
3
M
1
2
1
1
1
1
3
Caspian Gull
L
1
Chaffinch
L
3
1
6
1
2
1
2
1
4
1
14
3
2
6
2
1
M
4
17
2
Collared Dove
L
1
1
2
1
Common Gull
H
2
2
1
1
1
1
1
L
4
53
21
20
24
47
90
23
13
1
1
2
2
1
3
8
1
5
12
2
M
6
9
2
6
1
1
1
7
3
1
2
4
8
5
2
Common Shelduck
H
1
L
1
1
M
2
2
Common Swift
H
42
6
3
5
L
31
16
114
146
10
45
405
5
M
1
61
11
26
13
7
11
6
Common Tern
H
1
L
1
European Swallow
L
7
11
1
3
6
M
1
2
30
Feral Pigeon
H
1
1
1
1
L
15 1 2 6
3 3 6 1
3
77
6 5
10
1
4
18 2
2
8 4 5
1
4
1
2
2
1
1
M
2
3
1
7
1
2
2
1
1
4
1
2
Fieldfare
L
4
4
4
22
1
2
10
M
2
12
Gadwall
L
2
12
Goldfinch
L
1
1
2
1
4
1
2
1
9
26
1
M
3
Great Black-backed Gull
H
1
1
L
2
1
1
1
2
1
1
4
1
1
M
1
1
1
4
1
4
1
2
2
5
2
Great Cormorant
H
4
1
1
2
3
1
1
12
1
1
3
1
1
L 16 7 7 17 2
12
6 14 9
41 4
10 17 6 5
18 4 11
11
10 9 11
6 6 4 5 4
4
2 3 1
M 7 4 9
3 5
9
8 4 15 2 1 1 2 2 2 3 8 2
12 5 6 21 3 7 6 2 3
26 2 8 10 6 5 3 1 5
Great Spotted Woodpecker
L
1
1
2
2
2
1
1
M
1
2
1
2
Green Woodpecker
L
1
1
Greenfinch
L
5
1
1
12
1
19
5
3
7
7
8
9
7
2
4
1
7
10
4
3
18
5
9
8
1
M
2
11
1
7
Grey Heron
L
1
2
4
2
3
2
7
2
1
M
2
2
1
1
6
1
1
1
Grey Wagtail
H
1
L
1
1
3
1
2
M
1
2
1
1
Greylag
L
2
Harris Hawk
L
1
Herring Gull
H
7
5
4
135
7
1
1
5
2
2
1
10
1
1
58
L
1 1 17 8
6 10 17 19
94 4 3 50 3 5
11 5 4 2 1 2 1
1
172 1
35
1 26
2 57 6 8
M
4
2
1
1
210
8
7
176
1
1
1
3
8
2
3
8
58
9
6
2
31
50
18
80
House Martin
H
4
L
1
2
1
M
1
Jay
L
2
1
5
M
1
Kestrel
H
1
L
1
1
5
1
1
1
M
2
1
Kingfisher
L
1
Large gull sp
H
15
37
L
465
605
15
85
320
59
M
204
52
71
109
65
35
50
5
Lesser Black-backed Gull
H
2
6
3
5
5
1
3
6
1
3
1
1
1
1
1
L
8 7 47 49
13 10 7 25
93
18
29
140 7
18
12 12 29 9 5 9 10 1 6 57 3 2
16 3
7 1
15 40 3 2
M
3
4
4
3
30
3
4
8 2 4 5
2
4
4
1 1
1
1
9
5 2 2 24
7
3 13 10 26 27 1
Lesser Redpoll
L
1
5
M
1
Linnet
L
2
6
5
1
M
6
Long-tailed Tit
L
6
3
2
Magpie
H
1
L
6 3
11
1
2
2
4
1
1
1
2 1
1
M
4
1
Mallard
H
3
L 11 3
20
26
5 1
1
3 7 8 2
1
8 12
15
1
2 2 12 11 17 20
4
M
5
1
1
4
2
5
4
8
8
10
5
Marsh Harrier
H
1
Meadow Pipit
H
1
6
L
1
9
3
2
1
M
1
3
39
3
1
1
Mistle Thrush
L
15
3
8
2
2
7
1
2
3
2
1
2
2
8
2
10
17
10
14
2
1
5
4
10
2
M
1
5
2
1
Mixed gulls
H
15
L
500
1090
160
1455
30
150
20
537
30
M
500
211
261
140
Mute Swan
L
1
Peregrine
L
1
1
M
1
1
1
1
Pied Wagtail
L
1
5
4
4
4
2
1
1
2
2
M
1
1
1
8
3
Red Kite
L
1
Redwing
L
15
4
28
7
2
30
19
159
10
4
1
M
1
22
16
Reed Bunting
L
2
M
2
Ring-billed Gull
L
1
Sand Martin
L
1
2
2
8
2
10
3
1
4
2
M
1
3
1
Siskin
L
10
M
8
3
Skylark
L
1
M
1
Small gull sp
H
8
L
213
20
Song Thrush
H
1
L
1
10
M
1
2
Sparrowhawk
H
1
2
1
3
L
2
1
1
1
2
1
M
4
1
2
1
1
Starling
H
1
L
20
9
21 26 6 6 2
11 6 12
18 4 5 5 49 1 3
12 5 7
3 7 1
28 82 8 4 2 1 2
M
1
11
1
1
1
4
5
10
5
4
1
9
2
2
44
22
55
Stock Dove
H
2
L
4
1
10
1
1
1
1
1
2
1
1
1
M
2
2
1
1
Teal
L
3
Willow Warbler
L
1
Wood Pigeon
H
2
160
L 38 4 43
22
6
94
91 18 93 20 65 24
8 20 5 12 11 56 11 9
2
7 2 8
8 10 5 17 2 11
9 6 3
3 2 9
M
2
1
15
3
47
55
1
Yellow Wagtail
L
1
2
M
1
3
1
Yellow-legged Gull
L
1
1
M
1
1
1
1
Bird Counts at East Marsh and Eton Manor
17 of 18
REP-EDW-TG-ZZZ-ZZZ-ZZZ-O-0001
Site B (Eton Manor) L:<30m; M:30m-150m; H: >150m
12 Jan
2 Feb
1 Mar
20 Apr
4 May
14 Jun
12 Jul
13 Sep
4 Oct
1 Nov
23 Aug
13 Dec
Sep
Species
D M D D M D D M D D M D D M D D M D D M D D M D D M D D M D D M D D M D
Black-headed Gull
H
110
6
3
5
3
3
9
8
1
4
1
1
1
7
1
L
37
108
54
29
1
19
10
2
10
1
1
7
2
5
3
3
4
87
29
9
235
397
3
M
61
8
25
32
12
7
4
5
4
1
1
2
18
27
45
96
9
Blackbird
L
1
2
2
2
3
4
2
1
1
1
1
1
2
2
Canada Goose
H
6
Carrion Crow
H
2
1
1
4
4
1
1
4
1
2
4
1
3
L 12 15
11 9
1 16 2
21 9 2 5 4 2
3
5 4 2 3 3
6 2
1 8 6 2 1 4 1 2 3 1
M
4
1 1
4
9 3 10 1
1 3
2
1
1
4 2
2
4 1
Chaffinch
L
2
1
1
1
12
2
7
M
4
Collared Dove
L
1
Common Gull
H
13
3
5
1
6
1
6
L
6
29
6
51
3
5
5
3
1
16
11
1
20
18
8
M
18
2
3
1
1
3
1
Common Shelduck
H
2
M
2
Common Swift
H
1
50
2
31
1
4
6
1
7
L
2
30
11
29
M
2
4
40
1
Dunnock
L
1
3
European Swallow
L
1
M
2
3
3
Feral Pigeon
H
1
1
2
3
7
1
9
L
1
1
2
2
5
2
M
3
3
2
7
7
4
Fieldfare
L
3
Goldfinch
L
1
1
2
4
9
12
42
7
1
M
1
1
Great Black-backed Gull
H
1
1
1
1
1
L
23
2
1
3
2
3
4
M
3
5
1
1
1
3
2
Great Cormorant
H
4
1
2
6
1
3
1
1
8
9
4
14
9
2
1
2
1
2
4
2
1
1
2
L
3
2
1
1
2
1
2
M
1
1
16
1
5
10
1
3
1
1
2
Great Spotted Woodpecker
H
1
1
1
L
1
2
1
M
1
1
Great Tit
L
2
Green Woodpecker
L
1
Greenfinch
H
1
L
1
2
2
2
1
3
1
9
1
2
2
M
1
1
1
1
Grey Heron
H
1
1
3
1
1
2
1
L
1
1
1
1
1
M
1
1
1
1
1
Grey Wagtail
H
1
L
1
1
2
1
1
1
1
1
3
3
2
M
2
1
1
1
1
1
Herring Gull
H
37
4
4
172
21
59
48
13
29
3
3
6
7
6
6
1
2
11
7
30
29
25
12
2
2
L
3 1 6
465 3
68
433 4 8
2 2
1
5 2 1 1 8
12 2 3
10
4 37 43 6
40
28
M 25
1 14 114 33 43 227 3 42
1 4 2 2
1 4
2 4 1
1
32
6 40 10 7 159
4 15
14 10
Herring Gull
L
187
M
101
Hobby
H
1
House Martin
H
6
Jay
L
1
2
4
Kestrel
H
1
1
1
1
L
1
1
1
2
2
1
2
1
1
1
1
1
1
4
1
2
1
4
M
1
1
1
1
2
1
Large gull sp
H
20
1
1
5
L
1
M
11
Lesser Black-backed Gull
H
96
2
1
1
8
6
10
3
1
7
1
5
2
2
L
6
1
7
1
3
1
1
1
1
1
2
4
2
5
M
76
7
6
1
1
6
4
1
4
1
6
2
5
1
Lesser Redpoll
L
1
Linnet
L
12
2
1
5
M
1
Magpie
H
2
1
L
21
9
3
5
5
8
2
1
1
1
2
4
20
7
6
3
2
3
5
M
4
2
1
2
2
2
Mallard
H
7
3
1
6
L
1
2
2
2
4
M
4
1
Marsh Harrier
H
1
Meadow Pipit
H
1
L
2
16
19
M
1
Meadow Pipt
L
8
M
5
Mistle Thrush
L
28
14
7
Mixed Gulls
H
160
L
150
M
295
30
Peregrine
H
1
1
1
L
1
M
1
1
Pied Wagtail
L
2
1
1
1
M
4
1
Redwing
H
2
2
2
L
6
3
M
2
Ring-billed Gull
L
2
1
Robin
H
1
L
1
1
2
1
2
6
1
1
4
3
1
Sand martin
H
1
1
1
L
1
Sparrowhawk
H
1
1
1
2
Starling
H
20
3
23
2
5
16
36
1
158
L
4
4
1
15
5
3
3
7
1
8
12
12
66
9
139
29
29
12
13
M
2
1
4
1
1
3
7
1
10
66
51
35
150
7
12
17
20
Stock Dove
H
1
1
1
4
1
L
1
4
2
2
2
1
1
7
2
M
1
1
1
3
1
Whitethroat
L
1
Wood Pigeon
H
1
2
2
1
5
2
2
6
1
3
14
6
L
2 4 3 3 2 1 7 2
13 9 3 1 3 3 1 8 3 1 6 3 2 6 2 1
21 9
6 6 5 4 1 2 3 1
M 3 1
18 1
1
4
3 1 1 3 1
2
1
23
6 3 3 4 19 9
1
Wren
L
2
1
1
1
Yellow Wagtail
H
2
L
1
M
1
Yellow-legged Gull
H
4
Bird Counts at East Marsh and Eton Manor
18 of 18
REP-EDW-TG-ZZZ-ZZZ-ZZZ-O-0001
